本文關(guān)鍵詞：修復(fù)地下水氮污染的活性介質(zhì)作用特性研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 氮污染 地下水 降解菌 火山渣 作用特性

【摘要】：工業(yè)化過(guò)程中的大量污染物排放,以及農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中化肥、農(nóng)藥的大量使用,直接或間接導(dǎo)致土壤、地下水出現(xiàn)三氮(NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N、NO_3~--N)污染問(wèn)題,危害生態(tài)環(huán)境和人類(lèi)的健康。目前關(guān)于地下水環(huán)境中氮污染的研究,主要集中在水、土環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)、遷移轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)理以及地下水控制與修復(fù)技術(shù)研究,結(jié)合研究區(qū),針對(duì)地下水中三氮降解菌及其附載材料效果研究甚少報(bào)道。本論文以國(guó)家十二五水專(zhuān)項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目為依托,針對(duì)東北某農(nóng)作區(qū)地下水氮超標(biāo)問(wèn)題,在綜合分析已有資料和科研成果基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行研究區(qū)地下水環(huán)境調(diào)查和監(jiān)測(cè),分析研究區(qū)地下水環(huán)境特性(水化學(xué)類(lèi)型、水化學(xué)要素、微生物種群等),在此基礎(chǔ)上,富集篩選用于修復(fù)氮污染地下水的微生物活性介質(zhì)材料——三氮降解菌,考察其降解特性;并結(jié)合課題組已研發(fā)的天然礦物材料——火山渣,制備吸附-降解型復(fù)合活性介質(zhì),分析主要影響因素和作用機(jī)制;開(kāi)展氮污染地下水動(dòng)態(tài)去除效果實(shí)驗(yàn),利用現(xiàn)代分析技術(shù),輔助揭示其動(dòng)態(tài)作用特性。研究成果為氮污染地下水的控制與修復(fù)技術(shù)研發(fā)和應(yīng)用提供重要科學(xué)依據(jù)。通過(guò)本論文研究,主要取得以下成果:1、基于宏基因組測(cè)序技術(shù),揭示了地下水微生物菌群動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征,分析微生物與環(huán)境因子之間的關(guān)系。地下水中微生物主要由Proteobacteria、Firmicutes、Cyanobacteria、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Verrucomicrobia、Acidobacteria、Planctomycetes等組成,占總序列96%以上;優(yōu)勢(shì)菌屬與水環(huán)境要素Fe2+、Mn~(2+)、NH_4~+、NO_3~-、NO_2~-、DOC、pH值以及HCO_3~-含量具有相關(guān)性。2、篩選出了適用于低溫、低氧、寡營(yíng)養(yǎng)等實(shí)際地下水賦存環(huán)境特點(diǎn)的三氮土著降解菌,并揭示其作用特性。120h內(nèi)去除率分別為90.83%、74.97%、73.35%;降解過(guò)程符合二級(jí)降解動(dòng)力學(xué)方程;通過(guò)宏基因組測(cè)序測(cè)得菌種主要為Pseudomonas、Serratia、Enterobacter、Azomonas、Ewinglla、Paenibacillus、Janthinobacterium等菌屬占總序列97.06%;通過(guò)掃描電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)SEM)觀察到菌株主要為桿狀,長(zhǎng)約150nm,直徑約50nm;通過(guò)Plackett-Burman(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)PB)實(shí)驗(yàn)和中心組合實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)菌種適宜的培養(yǎng)條件進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。優(yōu)化結(jié)果為(g/L):K_2HPO_4·3H_2O4.0、NaCl0.1、MgSO_4·7H_2O0.0962、CaCl_20.4、MnSO_4 0.1、FeSO_4 0.1、CON_2H_4 1.936、C_6H_(12)O_65.0,另外pH值為7.22、DO含量為1.804mg/L。3、考察吸附-降解型復(fù)合活性介質(zhì)對(duì)三氮的去除效果及影響因素研究。采用正交實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)法對(duì)降解菌固定化火山渣條件進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,并對(duì)比火山渣與復(fù)合活性介質(zhì)對(duì)三氮作用效果。結(jié)果表明:復(fù)合活性介質(zhì)對(duì)三氮的去除率明顯優(yōu)于單一礦物火山渣,1h內(nèi)復(fù)合活性介質(zhì)對(duì)NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N、NO_3~--N的去除率分別為96.05%、82.40%、83.16%,作用規(guī)律符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程;復(fù)合活性介質(zhì)去除三氮的最佳pH值為7,HCO_3~-、CO_3~(2-)對(duì)介質(zhì)去除三氮具有抑制作用,Fe2+、Mn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)對(duì)介質(zhì)去除三氮基本具有低濃度促進(jìn)高濃度抑制規(guī)律,SO_4~(2-)對(duì)介質(zhì)去除NO_3~--N略有影響,對(duì)NH_4~+-N具有低濃度促進(jìn)高濃度抑制的規(guī)律,對(duì)NO_2~--N具有低濃度促進(jìn)高濃度抑制的規(guī)律。4、結(jié)合微型模擬柱揭示吸附-降解型復(fù)合活性介質(zhì)對(duì)三氮的動(dòng)態(tài)作用特性。不同流量、三氮初始濃度條件下,作用過(guò)程符合Thomas模型;不同填充高度條件下,作用過(guò)程符合Bohart-Adams模型。復(fù)合活性介質(zhì)微型柱動(dòng)態(tài)效果模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),在2個(gè)月運(yùn)行期內(nèi),三氮含量均低于飲用水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可以將復(fù)合活性介質(zhì)應(yīng)用于三氮超標(biāo)地下水原位及異位處理技術(shù)中。5、利用現(xiàn)代分析技術(shù),輔助揭示介質(zhì)對(duì)三氮的作用特性。通過(guò)原子力顯微鏡(Atomic Force Microscope,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)AFM)觀察固定化前后微觀變化,固定化后比表面積較降解菌有較大的增加,有利于提高吸附材料的吸附效果;通過(guò)SEM從微觀角度分析作用機(jī)理,對(duì)比作用前后,作用后介質(zhì)表面孔隙被填充;通過(guò)宏基因組測(cè)序?qū)?fù)合活性介質(zhì)表明降解菌進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè),作用過(guò)程介質(zhì)表面降解菌菌群結(jié)構(gòu)組成動(dòng)態(tài)變化較小,豐度差異性較大。
[Abstract]:A large number of pollutants in the process of industrialization, chemical fertilizer and agricultural production process, the extensive use of pesticides, directly or indirectly lead to soil, groundwater three nitrogen (NH_4~+-N, NO_2~--N, NO_3~--N) pollution, endanger the ecological environment and human health. Current research on the nitrogen pollution in the groundwater, mainly concentrated in the water. Soil environmental monitoring, migration and transformation mechanism and Study on groundwater control and remediation technology, combined with the study area, the underground water of three nitrogen degradation bacteria and its effect on carrier material seldom reported. In this paper, in 12th Five-Year the special water project, a farming region in the northeast of groundwater nitrogen exceed the standard problem, based on comprehensive analysis of existing data and research the results of the groundwater environmental monitoring and investigation, the study area, analysis of groundwater environment characteristics in the study area (water chemistry type, water chemical elements, microbial population etc. ), on this basis, the enrichment and screening for the repair of nitrogen pollution in groundwater by microbial activity in dielectric materials three nitrogen degrading bacteria, study its degradation characteristics; and combined with natural mineral materials research group has developed the volcano - slag, preparation of adsorption biodegradation composite active medium, analysis of main influence factors and mechanism of nitrogen pollution; carry out groundwater dynamic removal experiment, using modern analytical techniques, revealing its dynamic characteristics. The auxiliary research results provide an important scientific basis for groundwater nitrogen pollution control and remediation technology research and application. Through the research of this thesis, the main research achievements are as following: 1, metagenomic sequencing technology based on microbial flora reveals the groundwater dynamic changes the characteristics, analysis of the relationship between microbial and environmental factors. The microorganism in groundwater is mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Ba Cteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes etc., accounted for more than 96% series Fe2+ and water environmental factors; dominant genera, Mn~ (2+), NH_4~+, NO_3~-, NO_2~-, DOC, pH value and the content of HCO_3~- associated with.2, were screened for low temperature, hypoxia, three indigenous nitrogen degrading bacteria oligoltrophic etc. The actual occurrence of groundwater environmental characteristics, and reveals its role in the characteristics of.120h removal rate were 90.83%, 74.97%, 73.35%; the degradation process conforms to the level two degradation kinetic equation; through metagenomic sequencing the measured strains were mainly Pseudomonas, Serratia, Enterobacter, Azomonas, Ewinglla, Paenibacillus, Janthinobacterium and other bacteria accounted for by a sequence of 97.06%; scanning electron microscope (Scanning Electron Microscope, referred to as SEM) were observed for the main rod length of 150nm, diameter of about 50nm; the Plackett-Burman (PB) and experimental group The test of the strain suitable culture conditions were optimized. The optimized result is (g/L): K_2HPO_4, 3H_2O4.0, NaCl0.1, MgSO_4, 7H_2O0.0962, CaCl_20.4, MnSO_4 0.1, FeSO_4 0.1, CON_2H_4 1.936, C_6H_ (12) O_65.0, and the pH value is 7.22, the content of DO is 1.804mg/L.3, investigation of adsorption biodegradation composite active medium three of the nitrogen removal efficiency and influencing factors. The degradation of bacteria immobilized volcano slag conditions were optimized by orthogonal design method, and compared with the composite slag volcano active media on three nitrogen effect. The results show that the composite active medium of three nitrogen removal rate is higher than that of single mineral slag composite volcano, NO_2~--N activity medium 1h of the NH_4~+-N, and the removal rate of NO_3~--N was 96.05%, 82.40%, 83.16%, the role of law conforms to the two level dynamic equation; the best pH removal of three nitrogen compound active medium value is 7, HCO_3~-, CO_3~ (2-) on the media to In addition to the three nitrogen has inhibitory effect on Fe2+, Mn~ (2+), Ca~ (2+), Mg~ (2+) on the removal of basic nitrogen three medium with low concentration promoted high concentration inhibiting law, SO_4~ (2-) removal of NO_3~--N had slight influence on medium with low concentration promoted high concentration of inhibition of NH_4~+-N with low concentration to promote the high concentration of inhibition of.4 on NO_2~--N, combined with the micro simulation of dynamic characteristics of column adsorption and degradation of composite active medium of three nitrogen. Three different flow conditions, the initial concentration of nitrogen, process with the Thomas model; different filling height of a process, in accordance with the Bohart-Adams model. Simulation experiment of composite active medium micro column dynamic effect, in the 2 month operation period, three nitrogen levels were lower than the standard of drinking water, can be applied to the composite active medium three nitrogen exceed the standard of groundwater in situ and ectopic processing technology in.5, using modern analysis technology, auxiliary To reveal the role of three nitrogen. The characteristics of the medium by atomic force microscopy (Atomic Force Microscope, referred to as AFM) were observed before and after immobilization of microscopic changes after immobilization, the specific surface area is degrading bacteria was increased, can improve the adsorption effect of adsorption materials; analysis of the mechanism from the micro angle through the contrast effect before and after SEM. After the action, the surface of the medium pore is filled; through metagenomic sequencing of the composite active media shows that the dynamic monitoring of the degrading bacteria, process medium surface degradation bacteria structure dynamic variation abundance varied greatly.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X523

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1 錢(qián)紅;修復(fù)地下水氮污染的活性介質(zhì)作用特性研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2017年

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本文編號(hào)：1398926