本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于InVEST模型的三江平原生境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)與動(dòng)態(tài)分析　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： InVEST模型 三江平原 生境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià) RS與GIS

【摘要】：三江平原是國(guó)家根據(jù)區(qū)域性生態(tài)系統(tǒng)格局、生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性以及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)空間分異規(guī)律劃定的生態(tài)功能區(qū)。近半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái),由于強(qiáng)烈的人類(lèi)活動(dòng)給三江平原的自然生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了巨大的擾動(dòng),土地利用/覆被發(fā)生的改變致使該區(qū)域內(nèi)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類(lèi)型空間結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類(lèi)型的完整性和生境質(zhì)量的穩(wěn)定性遭到不同程度的破壞。開(kāi)展長(zhǎng)時(shí)間序列的生境質(zhì)量評(píng)估對(duì)區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)穩(wěn)定性的評(píng)價(jià)和維持生態(tài)安全與促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。本文以三江平原生境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)與動(dòng)態(tài)分析為目標(biāo),基于1990年、2000年、2015年三個(gè)時(shí)期的遙感影像數(shù)據(jù),采用面向?qū)ο蠓诸?lèi)方法獲取該區(qū)域土地覆被空間分布數(shù)據(jù),并采用土地利用動(dòng)態(tài)度、馬爾科夫轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣和景觀格局指數(shù)等模型與方法,分析近25年來(lái)三江平原土地覆被類(lèi)型時(shí)空格局變化特征;采用InVEST模型進(jìn)行生境質(zhì)量評(píng)估,結(jié)合模型指南、相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料和實(shí)地調(diào)研分析對(duì)其參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化與調(diào)整,實(shí)現(xiàn)三江平原生境質(zhì)量的動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)估,并探討相關(guān)環(huán)境背景因子對(duì)該區(qū)域生境質(zhì)量狀態(tài)改變的影響。主要的研究結(jié)論如下:(1)基于InVEST3.3.2模型生境質(zhì)量模塊,對(duì)其生態(tài)威脅因子?xùn)鸥駭?shù)據(jù)集及威脅因子量表、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類(lèi)型對(duì)各威脅因子的敏感度、威脅可達(dá)性參數(shù)進(jìn)行本地化調(diào)整與優(yōu)化,得到三江平原1990、2000、2015三期生境退化和生境質(zhì)量評(píng)估結(jié)果。(2)由三江平原1990年、2000年、2015年生境退化評(píng)估結(jié)果可知,整個(gè)研究區(qū)內(nèi)屬于微弱退化級(jí)的面積由1990年的3031km2增加到2000年的3080km2、2015年的3145km2,該級(jí)別面積比較大,而且呈小幅增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì);輕度退化級(jí)和中度退化級(jí)的面積次之,并且呈減少的趨勢(shì);高度退化級(jí)的絕對(duì)面積較小,但是增幅較大,分別是1990年的59km2、2000年的67km2和2015年的83km2。從三江平原生境質(zhì)量的退化面積變化速率上看,2000-2015年的變化速率高于1990-2000年的變化率。此外,從生境退化中高值空間分布上看,主要是圍繞人類(lèi)活動(dòng)較頻繁的居住地、交通、工業(yè)用地等人工表面周邊區(qū)域。(3)三江平原1990-2015年生境質(zhì)量呈總體下降趨勢(shì),生境質(zhì)量指數(shù)由1990年的0.51降低到2015年的0.41,其中1990-2000年各土地覆被類(lèi)型總的生境質(zhì)量指數(shù)變化率為-16%,2000-2015年為-4%,生境質(zhì)量下降趨緩。從各地市上看,牡丹江市的生境質(zhì)量最高,1990年生境質(zhì)量指數(shù)達(dá)到0.73,2000年雖有小幅下降,但近年有轉(zhuǎn)好的趨勢(shì);與牡丹江市生境狀況類(lèi)似的是雞西市。生境質(zhì)量指數(shù)最低的是哈爾濱市,1990年僅為0.39,并且近25年來(lái)有小幅下降的趨勢(shì)。生境質(zhì)量變化劇烈的是佳木斯市,由1990年的0.46降到2015年的0.26。其余地市生境質(zhì)量雖處中等水平,但都有小幅下降的趨勢(shì)。不同子流域的生境質(zhì)量時(shí)空差異也很顯著:1990年、2000年、2015年三期生境質(zhì)量指數(shù)都在0.8以上(好)的是小綏芬河、羅子溝以下區(qū)間、羅子溝以上區(qū)間和嘎呀河(不含布爾哈通河)4個(gè)流域,其余生境質(zhì)量等級(jí)的流域在研究時(shí)段內(nèi)生境質(zhì)量存在波動(dòng),特別是2015年撓力河口以下流域的生境質(zhì)量由2000年的較差等級(jí)演變?yōu)椴畹燃?jí),生境質(zhì)量指數(shù)僅為0.19,屬于局部生境惡化的典型區(qū)域。(4)從生境質(zhì)量指數(shù)等級(jí)時(shí)空分布來(lái)看,1990年該區(qū)生境質(zhì)量最好,中等級(jí)及以上區(qū)域占整個(gè)研究區(qū)的79%,而較差與差等級(jí)區(qū)域僅占21%。到2000年,中等級(jí)及以上生境面積減少明顯,僅占44%,相較于1990年下降了35%,然而較差和差等級(jí)生境面積增加顯著,達(dá)到56%。2015年,中等級(jí)及以上的生境也占44%,而較差等級(jí)減少的部分演化為了差等級(jí);各子流域濕地、林地等自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)與耕地、人工表面等半自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化導(dǎo)致生境質(zhì)量空間異質(zhì)性動(dòng)態(tài)變化。(5)生境質(zhì)量的變化與地形、氣候、植被覆蓋率、水系等自然環(huán)境背景因子有一定的相關(guān)性,同時(shí)受人口、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策法規(guī)等影響顯著。研究時(shí)期內(nèi),生境質(zhì)量無(wú)論是變好還是變差,絕大部分都發(fā)生在植被覆蓋度較高、海拔較低、坡度平緩且氣溫和降水適中的區(qū)域;同時(shí),生境質(zhì)量高值區(qū)遠(yuǎn)離水系而低值區(qū)趨于水系方向遷移;此外,隨著時(shí)間推移生境質(zhì)量與人口、GDP都呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系的趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:Sanjiang plain is a country based on regional ecosystem structure, ecological function area differentiation pattern delineation ecological sensitivity and ecological system service space. Nearly half a century, due to the natural ecological environment of the mankind to the plains of Sanjiang caused great disturbance, land use / cover change in ecosystem types the spatial structure of the region is changed, which leads to the stability of ecosystems integrity and habitat quality in varying degrees of damage. To carry out the long time series of habitat quality evaluation of regional ecosystem service stability has important significance and maintain ecological safety and promote sustainable development. And the dynamic habitat quality assessment in Sanjiang plain this paper based on the analysis, 1990, 2000 and 2015 three period remote sensing image data, using object oriented classification The method to obtain the spatial distribution of regional land cover data, and the dynamic degree of land use, Markoff transfer matrix and landscape pattern index model and method, analysis of the recent 25 years in Sanjiang plain land cover spatio-temporal pattern type change characteristics; using InVEST model to assess habitat quality, combined with the model guide, related literature and field the investigation and analysis of the optimization and adjustment of its parameters, dynamic evaluation of Sanjiang plain habitat quality, and to explore the influence of related factors on the environmental background of regional habitat quality status changes. The main research conclusions are as follows: (1) the InVEST3.3.2 model of habitat quality module based on the ecological threat factor raster dataset and threat factor table, the sensitivity of ecosystems to the threat factor, the threat of accessibility parameters for localization adjustment and optimization of Sanjiang plain 199020002015 three During the period of habitat degradation and habitat quality assessment results. (2) by the Sanjiang plain in 1990, 2000, the assessment results of 2015 habitat degradation, the study area belongs to the weak level of degraded area increased from 3031km2 in 1990 to 3080km22015 in 2000 3145km2 years, the level of the area is relatively large, but also showed a slight increase trend; mild degradation level and the level of moderate degraded area, and showed a decreasing trend; the smaller the absolute height of degradation, but increase, respectively in 1990 and 2015 59km22000 67km2 83km2. from the rate of change of degraded area of Sanjiang plain habitat quality point of view, the changes of 2000-2015 years higher than the rate of change for 1990-2000 years. In addition, the spatial distribution from the perspective of habitat degradation in high value, mainly around the frequent human activities of residence, transportation, industrial land and artificial surface surrounding area. (3) San Jiangping The original 1990-2015 habitat quality showed an overall downward trend, habitat quality index decreased from 0.51 in 1990 to 0.41 in 2015, the 1990-2000 of each land cover type total habitat quality index change rate of -16%, 2000-2015 -4%, habitat quality slowed. From around the city, Mudanjiang City, the habitat quality of the highest 1990 habitat quality index reached 0.732000 years despite a slight decline, but in recent years has improved trend; similar to Mudanjiang City habitat is the city of Jixi. The minimum habitat quality index is the city of Harbin, only 0.39 in 1990, and over the past 25 years, with a slight downward trend. Habitat quality change is the city of Jiamusi, from 1990 0.46 to 2015 0.26. to the rest of the city habitat quality is at the medium level, but has a slight downward trend. Spatial habitat quality differences between different sub basin is also evident: 1990, 2000 In 2015 three habitat quality index is above 0.8 (good) is a small Suifenhe, Luo Luo above following interval, interval and Gaya (excluding Buerhatong) 4 watershed, watershed remaining habitat quality level in the study period of habitat quality fluctuates, especially in 2015 following the Naoli estuarine habitat quality in 2000 by poor grade into poor grades, habitat quality index was only 0.19, is a typical local habitat deterioration. (4) from the habitat quality index distribution, the best habitat quality in the area in 1990, in the regional level and above accounted for 79% of the total study area, while the poor and poor level area only 21%. to 2000, in grade and above the habitat area decreased significantly, accounted for only 44%, compared to 1990 decreased by 35%, but the poor and the poor level of habitat area increased significantly, up to 56%.2015 years in class and to The habitat also accounted for 44%, while the lower level part of the evolution in order to reduce poor grades; each sub basin wetland, forest and other natural ecological system and land, mutual transformation between artificial surface semi natural ecosystem resulted in spatial heterogeneity of habitat quality dynamic change. (5) changes in habitat quality and topography, climate, vegetation the coverage rate, there is a certain correlation between water and other natural environment factors, at the same time by the population, social economy and policy influence significantly. This study period, regardless of habitat quality is getting better or worse, most of them occur in high vegetation coverage, low altitude, gentle slope and moderate regional temperature and precipitation; at the same time, the high value area away from the stream habitat quality and the low value area to water migration; in addition, with the passage of time and habitat quality of the population, GDP were negatively related to the trend.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X826;X87

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