本文關鍵詞：人工水草對污染河流中氮磷等污染物的去除效果研究　出處：《山東師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 人工水草 水質凈化 生物膜 高通量測序

【摘要】：河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的基礎和源泉。但是隨著人類對河流的過度開發(fā)以及污染物質的不斷排放,河流水體結構和功能受到了嚴重破壞。因此,如何有效治理和改善受污染河流水質狀況,是實現水資源可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關鍵。人工水草技術作為一種典型的河流原位水質改善生物膜載體技術,具有成本低、二次污染少、改善水質效果好、環(huán)境安全性好等優(yōu)點。本文通過設置人工水草掛膜實驗、參數優(yōu)化實驗和微生物群落結構特征分析實驗以及人工水草在趙牛河濕地中的工程應用實驗,探究人工水草對城市河道污水的處理效果并確定人工水草最佳運行參數,以期為人工水草在污染水體中的應用提供科學依據。本論文的主要研究成果如下:(1)確定了人工水草最佳的掛膜時間為8天。掛膜進行到第8天時人工水草對COD、氨氮和總氮的去除率分別為63.4%、43.4%和43.2%,分別高出空白9.1%、4.9%和19.3%。人工水草組的微生物種類比空白組更加豐富,優(yōu)勢菌屬為新鞘脂菌屬(Novosphingobium)、噬氫菌屬(Hydrogenophaga)、鞘脂單胞菌屬(Sphingobium)、Pedobacter菌屬等,它們均屬于去除氮磷、COD的功能微生物。(2)明確了人工水草凈化污水的最佳運行參數和微生物學信息。○1通過人工水草長度篩選實驗得出,人工水草對模擬污水去除效果最佳的長度為100cm,對COD、氨氮和總氮去除率分別為90.50%、82.99%和49.20%;黃桿菌屬(Flavobacterium)、Methylotenera菌屬和不動桿菌屬(Acinetobacter)是優(yōu)勢菌種,它們對于污染物的去除起重要作用�！�2人工水草對對模擬污水去除效果最佳的溶解氧濃度范圍是3-5mg/L,人工水草對COD、氨氮和總氮去除率分別為88.00%、41.96%和15.00%;黃桿菌屬(Flavobacterium)和假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas)是優(yōu)勢菌種。○3人工水草對模擬污水去除效果最好的pH值范圍為8.0-8.5,對COD、氨氮、總氮的去除率分別為84.10%、39.42%、29.67%;草酸桿菌屬(Oxalobacteraceae)在p H值為5.0-6.0時是優(yōu)勢菌種,而在pH8.0-8.5時豐度最低,這表明草酸桿菌屬并不是去除氮磷、COD的功能菌屬。○4夏季溫度對人工水草的凈化效果最佳,對COD、氨氮、總氮和總磷的去除率分別為90.02%、59.20%、58.55%和27.03%;假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas)、Azohydromonas菌屬、黃桿菌屬(Flavobacterium)在本階段實驗中為優(yōu)勢菌種。(3)對人工水草在趙牛河人工濕地對污染物的去除效率進行了研究。2014年人工水草對COD、氨氮和總氮的平均去除率分別為38.5%、16.1%和18.2%,實驗中DO平均濃度提高了13.9%;2015年人工水草對COD、氨氮和總氮的平均去除率比2014年分別增加了15.7%、2.1%和1.1%,DO平均濃度提高了11%;2016年人工水草對COD、氨氮和總氮的平均去除率比2015年分別增加了8.1%、9.3%和11.9%,DO平均濃度提高了21.3%。人工水草生物膜上同樣檢測出了黃桿菌屬(Flavobacterium)、Methylotenera菌屬和不動桿菌屬(Acinetobacter),雖然相對豐度不高,但也能夠與室內實驗相互銜接。由此可知人工水草在污染河流中具有一定的推廣應用價值。
[Abstract]:River ecosystem is an important part of the natural ecosystem, is the foundation and source of human survival and development. But with the continuous development of human emissions of river pollution and excessive material, structure and function of river water has been severely damaged. Therefore, how to effectively improve the water quality pollution governance and by the river, is the key to realize the sustainable development of water resources. The technology of artificial plants as biofilm carrier for improving water quality of typical rivers in situ, two has the advantages of low cost, less pollution, water quality improvement effect is good, has the advantages of good security environment. In this paper, by setting the artificial aquatic biofilm experiment, experimental application in Niuhe Zhao in wetland engineering experimental parameters optimization experiment and characteristics of microbial community structure analysis and research of artificial plants, artificial plants treatment of city river sewage and determine the most artificial plants The best operating parameters, so as to provide scientific basis for the application of artificial plants in polluted water. The main results of this dissertation are as follows: (1) to determine the best artificial aquatic biofilm biofilm time was 8 days. To carry out the eighth day artificial plants of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rate respectively. 63.4%, 43.4% and 43.2%, respectively, 4.9% and 9.1% higher than the blank group, 19.3%. artificial aquatic microbial species is more abundant than in the blank group, dominant genus for the new genus sphingolipids (Novosphingobium), macrophage (Hydrogenophaga), hydrogen bacteria sphingolipids Pseudomonas sp. (Sphingobium), Pedobacter and so on, they all belong to the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, microbial COD. (2) the artificial plant sewage purification and the optimum operation parameters of Microbiology information. 1 through the artificial plants, the length of screening experiments, artificial plants simulated wastewater on the best removal length is 100cm, COD, ammonia nitrogen And the total nitrogen removal rate were 90.50%, 82.99% and 49.20%; Flavobacterium sp. (Flavobacterium), Methylotenera and Acinetobacter (Acinetobacter) is the dominant species, which play an important role for the removal of pollutants. In 2 artificial plants is 3-5mg/L to the simulated wastewater on the best removal of dissolved oxygen concentration, artificial plants of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rates were 88%, 41.96% and 15%; (Flavobacterium) Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas sp. (Pseudomonas) is the dominant species. In 3 artificial plants has the best removal effect of simulated sewage pH value range of 8.0-8.5, COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen removal rate were 84.10%, 39.42%, 29.67%; oxalic acid bacillus (Oxalobacteraceae) in the P H value of 5.0-6.0 is the dominant species, and the abundance in the lowest at pH8.0-8.5, which indicates that oxalic acid bacillus is not the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, COD functional bacteria genera. 4, the temperature in summer The purification effect of artificial plants, COD, ammonia nitrogen, 59.20% of total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal rate were 90.02%, 58.55% and 27.03%; Pseudomonas sp. (Pseudomonas), Azohydromonas sp., Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium) in the stage of the experiment was the dominant strain. (3) of artificial plants in Zhao Niuhe artificial wetland removal efficiency of pollutants were studied in.2014 artificial plants of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rates were 38.5%, 16.1% and 18.2%, the average concentration of DO increased by 13.9% in 2015; artificial plants of COD, the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were increased by more than in 2014 15.7%, 2.1% and 1.1%, the average concentration of DO increased by 11% in 2016; artificial plants of COD, the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen than in 2015 increased by 8.1%, 9.3% and 11.9%, the average concentration of DO was increased by 21.3%. artificial aquatic biofilm also detected yellow Although the relative abundance of Flavobacterium, Methylotenera and Acinetobacter (Acinetobacter) is not high, they can also interact with indoor experiments.

【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X173;X522

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