本文關(guān)鍵詞：抗生素生產(chǎn)廢水與城鎮(zhèn)污水的處理系統(tǒng)中抗藥基因的分布及控制　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 抗生素生產(chǎn)廢水 城鎮(zhèn)污水 四環(huán)素抗藥基因 磺胺抗藥基因 β-內(nèi)酰胺抗藥基因 污泥 臭氧 熱水解

【摘要】：抗生素抗藥基因(抗藥基因或ARGs)作為一種新型污染物,能通過水平轉(zhuǎn)移進(jìn)入人類致病菌內(nèi),嚴(yán)重威脅人類健康。已有研究表明,抗生素生產(chǎn)廢水處理系統(tǒng)和城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠是環(huán)境中抗藥基因的重要污染源及儲存庫。我國作為抗生素生產(chǎn)大國之一,所排放的抗藥基因已經(jīng)引起了國內(nèi)外政府的高度重視。截至目前,我國關(guān)于這兩種廢水處理系統(tǒng)全流程中抗藥基因分布情況的報(bào)道還較少。本論文采用PCR和定量PCR的方法,系統(tǒng)考察了河北省石家莊市某抗生素生產(chǎn)廢水處理系統(tǒng)和某城鎮(zhèn)污水處理系統(tǒng)全流程中抗藥基因(tet 基因、sul 基因、bla基因)的種類及豐度,并從水平轉(zhuǎn)移角度(intI1 轉(zhuǎn)移因子)簡要分析了抗藥基因的分布;在此基礎(chǔ)上,初步探討了臭氧和熱水解作為污泥厭氧消化預(yù)處理工藝,對污泥中抗藥基因控制效果的差異。主要取得以下成果:(1)在抗生素生產(chǎn)廢水處理系統(tǒng)中,出水和脫水污泥排放的ARGs(0～1.3×1017 copies/d 和 2.6×1014～5.6×1016 copies/d)總量比進(jìn)水中的量升高了 120.10%～96607.07%(blaTEM除外);且出水排放的tet基因總量、sul基因總量和blaTEM分別占總排放量的67%、82%和80%,高于脫水污泥的排放量。從相對豐度來看,與進(jìn)水相比,出水中大多數(shù)ARGs豐度升高(僅blaTEM除外),且出水與脫水污泥間ARGs豐度無顯著性差異(P0.05),sul、tet基因總豐度可達(dá)10-1數(shù)量級。此外,該系統(tǒng)中intI1的豐度(8.24×10-3±2.19×10-4～1.44×100±1.24×10-2)比相應(yīng)樣品中大多數(shù)ARGs的豐度高,且除blaTEM外,其余6種ARGs均與intI1存在顯著相關(guān)性(P0.03)。(2)在城鎮(zhèn)污水處理系統(tǒng)中,出水和脫水污泥排放的ARGs(0～5.34×1015copies/d和0～4.31×1018copies/d)總量比進(jìn)水中的量減少了 69.69%～98.08%,其中脫水污泥的排放量占總排放量的99%以上。從相對豐度角度來看,多種ARGs在出水中的豐度比進(jìn)水中豐度下降了 0.3～1.74個(gè)數(shù)量級,主要是一級及三級處理工藝的貢獻(xiàn)。此外,intI1的豐度(3.33×10-2±1.76×10-3～6.01×10-1±2.83×10-2)高于相應(yīng)樣品中抗藥基因豐度最高的sul1和tetA豐度,且除blaTEM和tetW外,其余抗藥基因均與iniI1存在顯著相關(guān)性(P0.05)。(3)臭氧、熱水解預(yù)單獨(dú)處理后,制藥污泥中ARGs分別下降了～0.5、1.6～4.7個(gè)數(shù)量級,城鎮(zhèn)污泥中ARGs則分別下降了 0.2～0.7、1～3個(gè)數(shù)量級。與原泥直接厭氧消化相比,制藥污泥熱水解厭氧消化后豐度下降了 0.4～2.6個(gè)數(shù)量級(blaNDM-1無明顯變化),臭氧厭氧消化后部分抗藥基因豐度則升高;城鎮(zhèn)污泥中tetA、tetG、tetW、tetX豐度在熱水解/臭氧厭氧消化后均反彈,其余抗藥基因豐度則下降不超1個(gè)數(shù)量級。而從相對豐度來看,制藥污泥中大部分抗藥基因(blaNDM-1、sul2除外)在熱水解厭氧消化后的豐度比臭氧氧化厭氧消化后的豐度低0.2～1.8個(gè)數(shù)量級;而城鎮(zhèn)污泥中部分抗藥基因在臭氧/熱水解厭氧消化處理后豐度比原泥直接厭氧消化豐度高。
[Abstract]:Antibiotic resistance genes (multidrug resistance gene or ARGs) as a model pollutant, can transfer into human pathogenic bacteria by level, a serious threat to human health. Studies have shown that the antibiotic production wastewater treatment system and urban sewage treatment plant is an important source of pollution and the repository of resistance genes in the environment. China is one of the the largest producer of antibiotics, drug resistant gene emissions have aroused the attention of the government at home and abroad. As of now, our country reports on drug resistance gene distribution system in the whole process of the two kinds of wastewater are few. The paper with the methods of PCR and quantitative PCR, investigated some antibiotic production wastewater treatment Hebei city of Shijiazhuang province and a system of urban sewage treatment system in the process of drug resistance gene (TET gene, Sul gene, BLA gene) of the species and abundance, and transfer from the perspective of the level of intI1 (for transfer A) a brief analysis of the distribution of drug resistance gene; on this basis, to explore the ozone and thermal hydrolysis as pretreatment of sludge anaerobic digestion process, the difference of drug resistance gene control effect in sludge. The main results are as follow: (1) in the treatment of antibiotic production wastewater system, water and sludge emissions ARGs (0 ~ 1.3 * 1017 copies/d and 2.6 * 1014 ~ 5.6 * 1016 copies/d) total amount increased by 120.10% ~ 96607.07% than in the influent quantity (except blaTEM); and the total discharge of Tet gene, Sul gene and total blaTEM accounted for 67% of the total emissions, 82% and 80%, higher than the emissions of dewatered sludge from the point of view. The relative abundance of water, and compared to most of the ARGs in the effluent increased abundance (only blaTEM), and the water and sludge between the abundance of ARGs had no significant difference (P0.05), Sul, tet gene abundance can reach 10-1 level. In addition, the system of int The abundance of I1 (8.24 * 10-3 + 2.19 * 10-4 to 1.44 * 100 + 1.24 * 10-2) than the corresponding samples in most of the ARGs abundance is high, except blaTEM, all the other 6 ARGs were significantly correlated with intI1 (P0.03). (2) in the urban sewage treatment system, effluent and sludge discharge ARGs (0 ~ 5.34 and 0 ~ 4.31 * 1015copies/d * 1018copies/d) total 69.69% ~ 98.08% less than the amount of water, the sludge emissions accounted for more than 99% of the total emissions. The relative abundance from the point of view, a variety of ARGs in the water in abundance by 0.3 to 1.74 orders of magnitude lower than the water inlet in abundance, is mainly a grade and three grade treatment process contribution. In addition, the abundance of intI1 (3.33 * 10-2 + 1.76 * 10-3 to 6.01 * 10-1 + 2.83 * 10-2) higher than that of drug resistant gene abundance samples of sul1 and the corresponding maximum abundance of tetA in addition to blaTEM and tetW, the drug resistance gene with the existence of iniI1 Significant correlation (P0.05). (3) ozone, water solution of pre treatment alone, pharmaceutical sludge ARGs decreased from 0.5,1.6 to 4.7 level, the town of ARGs in the sludge decreased by 0.2 ~ 0.7,1 ~ 3 orders of magnitude. Compared with the original direct sludge anaerobic digestion, pharmaceutical sludge thermal hydrolysis anaerobic digestion after the abundance decreased by 0.4 ~ 2.6 orders of magnitude (blaNDM-1 no change), part of the resistance gene of ozone abundance of anaerobic digestion was increased; tetA, tetW, tetG in urban sludge, tetX abundance in the water solution / ozone anaerobic digestion after rebound, drug resistance gene abundance remaining decreased not exceeding 1 orders from the point of view. The relative abundance, most pharmaceutical sludge resistance genes (blaNDM-1, except sul2) in the abundance of hot water solution after anaerobic digestion than the abundance of ozone oxidation of anaerobic digestion of low 0.2 ~ 1.8 orders of magnitude; and part of urban sludge resistance genes in the ozone / hot water The abundance of anaerobic digestion was higher than that of direct anaerobic digestion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X787;X703

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