發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-12-28 03:28

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：有機(jī)酸的聚硅氧烷膜滲透萃取特性研究　出處：《陜西科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 有機(jī)酸 聚硅氧烷膜(PDMS、PVMS、PPMS) 滲透萃取 結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)

【摘要】：滲透萃取(Pertraction,PT)是固定膜界面萃取中比較前沿的一種技術(shù)。膜材料為具有選擇性的無孔致密膜,能夠應(yīng)用于水中有機(jī)物的萃取回收,同時(shí)可將有機(jī)物與無機(jī)離子有效分離,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)含鹽水的回用和有機(jī)廢水的生化處理。國內(nèi)外對于滲透萃取技術(shù)用于有機(jī)物處理的研究多涉及工藝條件及傳質(zhì)過程,而對于膜選擇性萃取有機(jī)物機(jī)理以及復(fù)合膜組件處理廢水的研究較少。滲透萃取膜對有機(jī)物的選擇透過性與有機(jī)物本身的性質(zhì)密切相關(guān),采用分子結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對有機(jī)物分子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行定量描述,將抽象的物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)特性參數(shù)化,有利于解釋影響膜萃取有機(jī)物的本質(zhì)因素。本文以聚硅氧烷膜---聚二甲基硅氧烷膜(PDMS膜)、聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷膜(PVMS膜)、聚甲基苯基硅氧烷膜(PPMS膜)為滲透萃取膜材料,選取有機(jī)廢水中常見的一類有機(jī)物---有機(jī)酸作為研究對象,結(jié)合目前廣泛應(yīng)用的10種有機(jī)物結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行膜萃取特性研究,研究有機(jī)物結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與其在膜中萃取效果的關(guān)系,探討膜萃取的機(jī)理及主要影響因素。根據(jù)萃取實(shí)驗(yàn)及透過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果,選取一種膜材料來萃取單一組分有機(jī)酸廢水,同時(shí)組件復(fù)合膜組件處理混合有機(jī)酸廢水,研究外部運(yùn)行條件對滲透萃取過程的影響;基于實(shí)際廢水處理進(jìn)行電解-膜耦合工藝的摸索。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)通過三種膜對有機(jī)酸的滲透萃取研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PVMS膜和PPMS膜相較于PDMS膜對有機(jī)酸有較好的萃取效果。(2)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與膜萃取效果的關(guān)系研究中:辛醇-水分配系數(shù)和溶解度對三種膜萃取有機(jī)酸影響顯著。膜對有機(jī)酸的萃取率總體趨勢是隨著lgP的增大而逐漸增大的,隨著溶解度S的增大而下降的。有機(jī)物分子摩爾體積(Vm)、分子極化率(a)、解離常數(shù)(pKa)、最正電荷(q+)及最高軌道能量(EHOMO)對膜的萃取有一定的影響,但不是影響膜萃取的主要因素。(3)膜萃取高含鹽戊酸廢水,隨著戊酸質(zhì)量濃度的增大,其去除率先增加后降低,正戊酸質(zhì)量濃度為7%時(shí)去除率可以達(dá)到94%;正戊酸質(zhì)量濃度為2%時(shí),膜對正戊酸的回收率可達(dá)到45.8%�；瘜W(xué)反應(yīng)力可以提高膜萃取效率。在料液循環(huán)流速為1~20mL/min變化時(shí),隨循環(huán)流速的增大,正戊酸的去除率和回收率都相應(yīng)增加,實(shí)際工程中可通過適度地提高流速,增強(qiáng)有機(jī)物的分離效果。(4)復(fù)合膜組件處理模擬含鹽混酸廢水,當(dāng)料液有機(jī)物質(zhì)量濃度在100.5~2171.5mg/L的范圍時(shí),其去除率在約380.5mg/L時(shí)達(dá)到最大值。當(dāng)進(jìn)水流速在5~20mL/min范圍內(nèi)變化時(shí),去除率在16mL/min時(shí)效果較好。萃取液pH值對有機(jī)酸的去除效果影響顯著,當(dāng)萃取液pH值由10.5變至13.5時(shí),有機(jī)酸去除率提高了40%。鹽離子濃度對有機(jī)物的去除是有促進(jìn)作用的,含鹽量由1%提高到20%時(shí),去除率提高25%。在一定溫度范圍內(nèi),提高溫度會(huì)促進(jìn)有機(jī)物的去除,實(shí)驗(yàn)中系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行溫度30℃時(shí)膜萃取效果最好,考慮到膜的壽命,在實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用中是可以考慮在室溫條件下運(yùn)行的。(5)分別用三種膜萃取電解后的甲基橙廢水、直接深棕廢水、活性艷藍(lán)廢水,發(fā)現(xiàn)PVMS、PPMS膜對電解后成分不明的廢水有一定的處理效果,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)“膜+電解”技術(shù)的耦合。
[Abstract]:Pertraction (PT) is one of the most advanced technologies in the interface extraction of fixed film. Membrane material is a porous membrane without selectivity. It can be applied to the extraction and recovery of organic matters in water, and at the same time, it can effectively separate organic compounds from inorganic ions, so as to achieve the reuse of brine and biochemical treatment of organic wastewater. The study of osmotic extraction technology for organic matters involves the technology and mass transfer process at home and abroad. However, there is little research on the mechanism of membrane selective extraction of organic matter and the treatment of wastewater by composite membrane module. Osmotic extraction membrane is closely related to the selection and permeability of organic matter and the properties of organic matter. Molecular structure parameters are used to quantitatively describe the molecular structure of organic compounds. Parameterization of the abstract material structure characteristics will help explain the essential factors that affect the organic matter extraction of membrane. The polysiloxane film - two polydimethylsiloxane membrane (PDMS membrane), polymethylvinylsiloxane membrane (PVMS membrane), polymethylphenylsiloxane membrane (PPMS membrane) for pertraction membrane materials, selecting a kind of organic matter, organic acids common in organic wastewater as the research object, research combined with the characteristics of membrane extraction 10 kinds of organic structure parameters are widely used currently. Study on the relationship between the organic matter in the membrane structure parameters and its extraction effect factors, to explore the mechanism of membrane extraction and main effect. According to the experimental extraction and through experimental results, select a membrane material to extraction of single component organic acid wastewater, and the component processing component composite film of mixed organic acid wastewater, influence of operating conditions on the external penetration of the extraction process; and explore practical wastewater treatment for electrolytic membrane coupling technology based on. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) through the osmotic extraction of three kinds of membranes, it is found that the PVMS film and the PPMS film have a better extraction effect on the organic acids than the PDMS film. (2) the relationship between the structure parameters and the effect of membrane extraction: the influence of the octanol water distribution coefficient and solubility on the three kinds of membrane extraction of organic acids is significant. The overall tendency of the extraction rate of organic acids to the organic acid gradually increased with the increase of lgP, and decreased with the increase of solubility S. The molecular molar volume (Vm), the molecular polarizability (a), the dissociation constant (pKa), the most positive charge (q+) and the highest orbit energy (EHOMO) have some influence on the extraction of the membrane, but not the main factor affecting the membrane extraction. (3) membrane extraction of valerate wastewater with high salt content. With the increase of valerate mass concentration, the removal rate increased first and then decreased. When the concentration of valerate acid was 7%, the removal rate could reach 94%. When the mass concentration of valerate was 2%, the recovery rate of membrane to valerate was 45.8%. The chemical reaction force can improve the efficiency of membrane extraction. When the flow rate of the feed liquid is 1~20mL/min, the removal rate and recovery rate of valerate increase with the increase of circulating flow rate. In practice, the separation rate of organic matter can be enhanced by increasing flow rate moderately. (4) composite membrane module is used to treat the simulated salt containing mixed acid wastewater. When the mass concentration of organic matter in the feed liquid is within the range of 100.5~2171.5mg/L, the removal rate reaches the maximum when it is about 380.5mg/L. When the influent velocity varies in the range of 5~20mL/min, the removal rate is better when the flow rate is 16mL/min. The pH value of the extract has a significant effect on the removal of organic acids. When the pH value of the extraction is changed from 10.5 to 13.5, the removal rate of organic acids is increased by 40%. The concentration of salt ions can promote the removal of organic matter, and the removal rate increases by 25% when the content of salt is increased from 1% to 20%. In a certain temperature range, increasing the temperature will promote the removal of organic matter. In the experiment, the effect of membrane extraction is the best when the system runs at 30 degrees centigrade. Considering the life of membrane, it can be considered in the actual engineering application at room temperature. (5) three kinds of membranes were used to extract methyl orange wastewater, direct Brown wastewater and reactive brilliant blue wastewater after electrolysis. It was found that PVMS and PPMS films had certain effect on the wastewater with unknown composition after electrolysis, and the coupling of membrane and electrolysis could be achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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