本文關(guān)鍵詞：土壤污染責(zé)任機(jī)制立法研究　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 土壤污染 責(zé)任機(jī)制 責(zé)任主體 狀態(tài)責(zé)任

【摘要】：當(dāng)前,我國(guó)的土壤污染問(wèn)題種類繁多、形式嚴(yán)峻,對(duì)人的身體健康造成了嚴(yán)重的威脅,并帶來(lái)了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失�！锻寥牢廴痉乐畏ā愤t遲不能出臺(tái)導(dǎo)致我國(guó)土壤污染責(zé)任機(jī)制的缺失,而土壤污染責(zé)任機(jī)制的設(shè)置直接關(guān)乎到土壤污染問(wèn)題能否有效解決。本文在這一背景下通過(guò)以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容對(duì)這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了深入的分析。第一部分,明確了土壤污染的特點(diǎn)在于其危害性大、隱蔽性強(qiáng)、持續(xù)性長(zhǎng)以及不可逆轉(zhuǎn);結(jié)合這些特點(diǎn)提出土壤污染責(zé)任機(jī)制應(yīng)該是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)化的責(zé)任體系,具有綜合性、復(fù)合性和科學(xué)性等特征;同時(shí)還論證了構(gòu)建土壤污染責(zé)任機(jī)制的必要性。第二部分,分析了土壤污染責(zé)任機(jī)制的主要內(nèi)容,包括土壤污染的責(zé)任主體(污染行為人與污染土地關(guān)系人)、責(zé)任范圍、歸責(zé)原則、責(zé)任分配、責(zé)任的限度五個(gè)大方面的內(nèi)容,為之后論證我國(guó)土壤污染責(zé)任機(jī)制的構(gòu)建奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。第三部分,通過(guò)比較的方法,介紹了以德國(guó)、美國(guó)和為代表的不同國(guó)家有關(guān)土壤污染防治責(zé)任的法律制度,并針對(duì)責(zé)任主體、責(zé)任原則、責(zé)任實(shí)現(xiàn)形式等幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題對(duì)德國(guó)和美國(guó)的立法實(shí)踐做了分析,總結(jié)其優(yōu)劣之處以及對(duì)我國(guó)土壤污染責(zé)任機(jī)制的啟示。第四部分,分析了當(dāng)前我國(guó)土壤污染責(zé)任機(jī)制的立法實(shí)踐狀況,列舉了我國(guó)近年有關(guān)土壤污染責(zé)任的規(guī)范性法律文件,對(duì)這些規(guī)范性文件進(jìn)行了類型化的分析,其中以2016年底環(huán)保部制定頒布的《污染地塊土壤環(huán)境管理辦法(試行)》的規(guī)定最為先進(jìn),并結(jié)合實(shí)踐情況總結(jié)了我國(guó)當(dāng)前在土壤污染責(zé)任立法中所存在的問(wèn)題。第五部分,通過(guò)借鑒國(guó)外的先進(jìn)立法經(jīng)驗(yàn),結(jié)合當(dāng)前我國(guó)土壤污染責(zé)任立法中存在的問(wèn)題,為我國(guó)土壤污染責(zé)任機(jī)制的構(gòu)建提出了三個(gè)方面的立法建議;首先是把握以德國(guó)"狀態(tài)責(zé)任"制度為主要目標(biāo)進(jìn)行借鑒,同時(shí)結(jié)合國(guó)情進(jìn)行完善和創(chuàng)新,避免盲目的模仿和復(fù)制的基本思路;其次是盡快制定出臺(tái)《土壤污染防治法》,并完善相關(guān)立法,構(gòu)建一個(gè)以《土壤污染防治法》為主干,其他有關(guān)法律規(guī)范為配套的土壤污染責(zé)任機(jī)制;最后,是針對(duì)土壤污染的責(zé)任主體、污染土地關(guān)系人責(zé)任的分配、歸責(zé)原則、責(zé)任限度、責(zé)任的實(shí)現(xiàn)形式等土壤污染責(zé)任機(jī)制的主要內(nèi)容提出了具體的建議。
[Abstract]:At present, there are many kinds and severe forms of soil pollution in China, which poses a serious threat to human health and brings great economic losses. The law of soil pollution prevention has not yet been promulgated, which has led to the lack of responsibility mechanism for soil pollution in China. The establishment of soil pollution liability mechanism is directly related to the effective solution of soil pollution. This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the problem in this context through the following aspects. The first part, clarify the characteristics of soil pollution is harmful, concealed, persistent and irreversible; the combination of these characteristics of soil pollution liability mechanism is a dynamic system of responsibility, has the characteristics of comprehensive, complex and scientific; it also demonstrates the necessity of soil pollution the responsibility mechanism. The second part analyzes the main content of soil pollution liability mechanism, the main responsibility of pollution (including soil pollution and pollution behavior of human land relationship people), the five major aspects of the scope of liability, imputation principle, responsibility assignment, liability limit, laid the theoretical foundation for the construction of the demonstration after the soil pollution liability system in China the. The third part, through the comparison method, is introduced to the United States and Germany, as the representative of different countries on responsibility for soil pollution prevention legal system, and made analysis on the subject of liability, liability principle, implementation of legislative practice in Germany and the United States in the form of several aspects of the problem, summarizes its advantages and disadvantages and Enlightenment on soil pollution liability mechanism in china. The fourth part analyzed the current situation of China's soil pollution liability mechanism of legislation and practice in our country in recent years, enumerates the soil pollution liability of normative legal documents, the normative documents analyzed the types of the end of 2016, the Ministry of environmental protection issued the "pollution of soil environmental management measures (Trial)" the provisions of the most advanced, and combining with the practical situation in China are summarized in the current soil pollution liability legislation problems. The fifth part, through the reference of foreign advanced legislative experience, combined with China's current soil pollution liability legislation problems in the construction of soil pollution liability system in China and puts forward legislative suggestions in three aspects; the first is to grasp the German "state responsibility system" of the main objective for reference, combined with national conditions to improve and the basic idea of innovation, avoid blind imitation and copy; second is promulgated the "soil pollution prevention and control law" as soon as possible, and improve the relevant legislation, in order to build a "soil pollution prevention law" as the backbone and other relevant laws and regulations of soil pollution liability mechanism for supporting; finally, according to the main responsibility for soil pollution the pollution of land relationship between the allocation of responsibility, principle of liability, limitation of liability, liability form etc. the main contents of soil pollution liability mechanism put forward specific suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68;X53

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本文編號(hào)：1344307