本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于穩(wěn)定性同位素技術(shù)的人工濕地水力學(xué)特性研究　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 人工濕地 流態(tài) 氫氧同位素 氨氮 總磷

【摘要】：人工濕地是近年迅速發(fā)展的污水處理技術(shù),具有成本低、易管理、效果好等優(yōu)點,人工濕地去除污染物的機理復(fù)雜,涉及物理、化學(xué)、微生物以及水生植物等作用,濕地內(nèi)水流的流動狀態(tài)和水力學(xué)特性具有多樣性,存在一定的滯流和短流現(xiàn)象,降低了人工濕地的利用效率,影響水質(zhì)處理效果。因此,探查濕地中各區(qū)域水流流動的趨勢,最大化的減小濕地內(nèi)部滯流區(qū)、短流區(qū),有利于提升人工濕地利用效率,可為其合理運行提供理論依據(jù),對于保證其發(fā)揮去污凈化功能、延長運行壽命有重要意義�，F(xiàn)有水流流態(tài)探測技術(shù)主要集中于示蹤劑的表征技術(shù)、模型模擬技術(shù)以及基于ADV流速儀的實地探測技術(shù)。示蹤劑的應(yīng)用容易造成二次污染且在規(guī)�；瘽竦刂羞\用成本較高,模型模擬技術(shù)多采用經(jīng)驗性參數(shù),時效性較差,以上兩種技術(shù)多集中于過程量參數(shù)的模擬,濕地內(nèi)部流態(tài)的實時變化難以得出;基于ADV流速儀的實地探測技術(shù)需用到昂貴的流速儀,且測量過程十分耗費精力與體力。氫氧同位素示蹤技術(shù)以濕地內(nèi)部污水為分析對象,基于水體的蒸發(fā)過程中飽和蒸汽壓與分子量成反比這一規(guī)律,重同位素D和18O在液相中不同程度的富集,區(qū)域停留時間越長,重同位素豐度越高,因此可通過同位素豐度分布確定內(nèi)部流態(tài)。該技術(shù)具有無二次污染、實時反映濕地內(nèi)部水流流態(tài)以及成本低的優(yōu)勢。本研究以小湄河人工濕地為研究對象,對其展開年度同位素調(diào)查,根據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果確定小湄河人工濕地滯流區(qū)、短流區(qū)的分布位置,確定濕地內(nèi)部水流流態(tài),同時布點監(jiān)測濕地內(nèi)部水流流速,確定流速分布狀態(tài),對水同位素示蹤技術(shù)確定流態(tài)的適用性進(jìn)行討論;基于氫氧同位素示蹤技術(shù),對趙牛河人工濕地、徒駭河人工濕地進(jìn)行流態(tài)表征,對流態(tài)影響因素進(jìn)行分析。同時,對濕地內(nèi)部水質(zhì)分布特性展開研究,確定流態(tài)對水質(zhì)分布的影響,主要得出以下結(jié)論:研究結(jié)果表明,三處研究對象δD和δ18O組成均低于中國東部大氣降水線,小湄河人工濕地δD和δ18O的線性關(guān)系為:δD=6.67δ18O-5.87(R2=0.86),水同位素在小區(qū)域人工濕地中仍有區(qū)域性差異,這種差異主要由區(qū)域累積蒸發(fā)量的不同導(dǎo)致,其根本原因為區(qū)域停留時間存在差異;小湄河四季同位素δ180分布圖能明顯表征出內(nèi)部滯流區(qū)的位置以及大小,冬季短流區(qū)的表征由于蒸發(fā)量較小而誤差相對較大,其余三個季節(jié)均能表征區(qū)域內(nèi)部短流區(qū)位置,且滯流區(qū)與短流區(qū)位置與流速表征結(jié)果一致,穩(wěn)定性同位素技術(shù)對于人工濕地流態(tài)的表征具有可行性。趙牛河人工濕地δ D和δ 18O的線性關(guān)系為:δD=6.45δ18O-9.3(R2=0.89),徒駭河人工濕地δ D和δ 18O的線性關(guān)系為:δ D=4.38 δ 18O-26.63(R2=0.81),蒸發(fā)均對兩處濕地水同位素組成產(chǎn)生了明顯影響。水力流態(tài)分析結(jié)果表明,側(cè)向式以及"T"型進(jìn)水形式容易導(dǎo)致進(jìn)水區(qū)域短流以及滯流現(xiàn)象發(fā)生,彎角處凹側(cè)區(qū)域、人工島后方容易形成滯流區(qū),在河道橫斷面若植物密度、植物種類不同,容易造成區(qū)域水流阻力異化,阻力高的一側(cè)易形成滯流區(qū),阻力小的一側(cè)易出現(xiàn)短流現(xiàn)象。氨氮在濕地中的分布呈現(xiàn)明顯的滯流區(qū)濃度低、水流流暢區(qū)沿著進(jìn)水口至出水口由高至低分布的現(xiàn)象,滯流區(qū)內(nèi)由于水力交換作用較弱,高濃度氨氮無法流入滯流區(qū),造成濕地面積利用率的下降;在植物生長的季節(jié),總磷的分布與氨氮相近,其他季節(jié)總磷的分布容易受到底泥以及腐爛植物釋放的影響而出現(xiàn)內(nèi)部總磷濃度升高的現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:Artificial wetland wastewater treatment technology developed rapidly in recent years, has the advantages of low cost, easy management, good effect, mechanism of pollutants removal in constructed wetland complex, involving physics, chemistry, microorganism and aquatic plants, flow and hydraulic characteristics of water flow in the wetland has diversity, there is a certain stagnation and short flow the phenomenon, reduces the utilization efficiency of artificial wetlands, affecting the water treatment effect. Therefore, the water flow in the wetland area exploration trend, reduce internal wetland area, short flow stagnation zone, is conducive to enhancing the utilization efficiency of artificial wetlands, can provide a theoretical basis for its rational operation, to ensure the function of purifying, decontamination is of great significance to extend the operational life. Current flow detection techniques are mainly focused on the characterization of tracer, model simulation and field detection based on the ADV flow meter. The tracer is easy to cause two pollution and the use of high cost in large-scale wetland, model simulation technology using empirical parameters, poor timeliness, simulation of the above two kinds of technology focused on the process parameters, the real-time changes of the wetland is difficult to obtain the internal flow; flow meter expensive to the field detection technology with ADV velocity meter based on the measurement process and is a waste of energy and strength. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope tracer technology to wetland sewage as the analysis object, the evaporation process of water saturated vapor pressure and molecular weight based on the law of inverse D and 18O, the heavy isotopes in liquid phase enrichment area in different degree, longer residence time of heavy isotope abundance is high, it can determine the isotopic abundance distribution of internal flow. The technology has the advantages of no two pollution, the real-time reflection of the flow pattern in the wetland and the low cost. In this study, small Mei River wetland as the research object, annual isotope on the investigation, according to the distribution location of small Mei River wetland area, the survey results of short flow stagnation zone, determine the wetland internal flow pattern, at the same time monitored wetland internal flow velocity, determine the velocity distribution state of water isotope tracer technique to determine application of flow; hydrogen and oxygen isotope tracer technique based on the characterization of the flow of Zhao Niuhe artificial wetland, Tuhai River wetland, analyze the influence factors on the flow pattern. At the same time, to investigate the characteristics of distribution of wetland water quality, determine the flow pattern of the influence of water distribution, the main draw the following conclusions: the results showed that three of delta D and delta 18O were lower than the atmospheric water line in eastern China, linear relationship between the small river wetland Mekong Delta D and delta delta delta 18O: D=6.67 18O-5.87 (R2=0.86), there is still water isotope regional differences in area of artificial wetlands, this difference mainly by regional cumulative evaporation due to the different, the fundamental reason for the regional differences in residence time; small Mei River Delta 180 seasons isotope distribution map clearly showed the internal stagnation zone of the position and size, short in winter characterization of the flow area due to the evaporation of small and the error is relatively large, the remaining three seasons can characterize the regional internal short flow region location and stagnation zone and location of short flow area and flow velocity characterization results, stable isotope It is feasible to characterize the flow patterns of constructed wetlands. The linear relationship between the Niuhe Zhao artificial wetland Delta D and delta 18O, Delta D=6.45 Delta 18O-9.3 (R2=0.89), the linear relationship between the Tuhai River Wetland Delta D and delta 18O, Delta D=4.38, Delta 18O-26.63 (R2=0.81) have obvious influence on evaporation of two wetland water isotopic composition. Hydraulic flow analysis results show that the lateral and the "T" type water inlet area form easily lead to the occurrence of short flow and stagnation phenomenon, at the corner of the concave side area, easy to form artificial island behind the stagnation zone, in the river cross-section if plant species density, different plants, easy to cause the regional water resistance high resistance to alienation, side the formation of stagnation zone, the side resistance is small easy to appear the phenomenon of short circuiting. The distribution of ammonia nitrogen in the wetland showed significantly lower concentration of stagnation zone and water flow area along the inlet to outlet from high to low, the distribution of the phenomenon, the stagnation region due to hydraulic exchange effect is weak, the high concentration of ammonia nitrogen can not flow into the stagnation region, resulting in a decline in the utilization rate of the wetland area; during the growing season, similar to the distribution of total phosphorus with ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus distribution in other seasons are vulnerable to sediment and rotting plants and internal phosphorus concentration rise phenomenon.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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