本文關(guān)鍵詞：廣西茅尾海底泥中氯代多環(huán)芳烴的研究　出處：《上海大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 茅尾海 表層沉積物 氯代多環(huán)芳烴 正定矩陣模型

【摘要】：隨著廣西北部灣地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,表層沉積物也成為影響茅尾海生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量重要因素。結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外的相關(guān)研究,本研究以2014年4月采集的茅尾海表層沉積物為研究介質(zhì),系統(tǒng)研究了廣西茅尾海表層沉積物樣品中氯代多環(huán)芳烴(ClPAHs)的濃度水平、污染分布特征、來源解析、毒性當(dāng)量及潛在污染源對(duì)目標(biāo)污染物的毒性貢獻(xiàn)。通過兩種源解析方法對(duì)氯代多環(huán)芳烴的進(jìn)行分析,更加詳實(shí)了各污染源對(duì)氯代多環(huán)芳烴的環(huán)境濃度及毒性貢獻(xiàn)。研究的結(jié)論如下:(1)本研究在茅尾海近岸海域總共布設(shè)35個(gè)采樣站位,根據(jù)各區(qū)域地理地貌特征分為M、K、S和J四個(gè)區(qū)域。在所采集的表層沉積物樣品(n=35)中,均檢出了氯代多環(huán)芳烴,且20種目標(biāo)氯代多環(huán)芳烴中有18種同系物被檢出;這說明ClPAHs在該研究區(qū)域表層沉積物中已廣泛存在。其中,∑Cl PAHs的濃度范圍是0.31~9.64 ng/g dw,平均值為3.21 ng/g dw。其中6-ClBaP和9-ClPhe的平均濃度最高,與國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于表層沉積物中氯代多環(huán)芳烴的一致,這兩種物質(zhì)也是普遍偏高的。9-ClPhe的檢出率為100%,平均濃度為1120.39 pg/g dw,高于氯代多環(huán)芳烴同系物。結(jié)合廣西茅尾海形貌特征、產(chǎn)業(yè)框架和污染源等具體特點(diǎn),通過與其他已有的少量的關(guān)于表層沉積物的文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比分析,可以推測(cè)廣西茅尾海表層沉積物中ClPAHs的濃度水平在世界范圍內(nèi)屬于中等水平。本研究中18種ClPAHs的總濃度隨著采樣點(diǎn)位置的不同,變化較大,這與茅尾海的特殊地貌和不同地點(diǎn)的附近污染源不同有關(guān)。茅尾海表層沉積物中ΣClPAHs濃度高值主要集中在J和K區(qū),以及S地區(qū)一些采樣點(diǎn);其中K區(qū)的總濃度平均值(5.36 ng/g dw)最高,J區(qū)(4.22 ng/g dw)僅稍低于K區(qū),濃度也是很高,M區(qū)的總濃度平均值(2.11 ng/g dw)最低。表明地理位置對(duì)表層沉積物中ClPAHs的空間分布有較為重要的影響。經(jīng)過多方因素分析,石化工廠、水泥廠的復(fù)雜物質(zhì)的排放,燃料燃燒和城市污水排放都是可能導(dǎo)致ClPAHs濃度高的原因。(2)本研究中利用REPBaPEC50/60使ClPAHs的毒性當(dāng)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,進(jìn)而計(jì)算ClPAHs的總毒性當(dāng)量。通過計(jì)算得到的氯代多環(huán)芳烴在廣西茅尾海表層沉積物樣品中的類二VA英總毒性當(dāng)量(TEQClPAHs)為601.68 pg-TEQ/g,單體的毒性當(dāng)量范圍是2.32~185.97 pg-TEQ/g。按照ClPAHs同系物的TEQ排名為6-ClChr(30.91%)3,9,10-Cl3Phe(18.01%)7-ClBaA(15.77%)9-ClPhe(5.59%)9,10-Cl_2Phe(5.17%)6-ClBaP(4.33%)8-ClFlu(4.32%)7,12-Cl_2Ba A(2.53%)3-ClFlu(2.31%)。主要致癌物質(zhì)為6-ClChr和3,9,10-Cl3Phe。對(duì)比國(guó)內(nèi)外研究,表明廣西茅尾海表層沉積物中ClPAHs對(duì)環(huán)境的毒性污染程度相對(duì)而言還是中等。(3)本研究選取6-ClBaP/1-ClPyr、3-ClFlu/1-ClPyr、6-ClBaP/3-ClFlu和1-ClPyr/3-ClFlu作為判斷ClPAHs來源的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文對(duì)比國(guó)內(nèi)外研究并采用這種國(guó)際上廣泛使用的特征比值法,分析發(fā)現(xiàn)廣西茅尾海表層沉積物中的ClPAHs可能來自機(jī)動(dòng)車尾氣、垃圾焚燒、燃煤焚燒、化工工業(yè)生產(chǎn)等其他不確定污染源,即焚燒爐不完全燃燒的排放、交通尾氣以及含氯材料的燃燒等。(4)利用PMF模型,本研究對(duì)廣西茅尾海表層沉積物中的ClPAHs進(jìn)行源解析,并對(duì)ClPAHs的每種來源的貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行計(jì)算,結(jié)果表明,與交通相關(guān)的污染物排放、石化工廠混合污染物的排放、林木和煤的燃燒和混合污染源(包括石化工廠的排放和城市日常廢水及生活垃圾的排放)對(duì)ClPAHs濃度的源貢獻(xiàn)分別是14.8%,18.6%,30.4%和36.2%。雖然PMF模型已經(jīng)廣泛用于環(huán)境分析中,但目前還沒有報(bào)道用此正定矩陣模型研究廣西茅尾海表層沉積物中的ClPAHs來源分布情況。為了更好的描述ClPAHs的毒性,本研究用正定矩陣因子模型結(jié)合毒性當(dāng)量濃度,來定量的評(píng)估來自不同污染源的ClPAHs的毒性當(dāng)量貢獻(xiàn)值(TEQcontribution)。結(jié)果表明,交通相關(guān)的排放(0.47 pg TEQBaP g-1)、石化工廠的復(fù)雜排放物(0.92 pg TEQBaP g-1)、林木及煤的燃燒(1.06 pg TEQBaP g-1)和混合源(2.94 pg TEQBaP g-1)對(duì)ClPAHs的毒性效力是接近的,因此對(duì)這幾個(gè)污染源的控制和治理,對(duì)改善廣西茅尾海表層沉積物的質(zhì)量非常重要。
[Abstract]:With the rapid economic development of Guangxi Beibu Gulf area, surface sediments also become an important factor affecting the quality of Maowei sea. Combining domestic and foreign relevant research, this study collected in April 2014 of Maowei Sea Surface Sediments of medium, studied chlorinated Guangxi Maowei Sea surface sediment samples of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) concentrations, pollution distribution, source analysis, toxicity when the quantity and toxicity of potential pollution source for target pollutant contribution. Two source analytical methods were used to analyze chloropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the environmental concentration and toxicity of chloropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (chloropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) were more detailed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) this study in the coastal waters of Maowei Sea total layout 35 sampling stations, according to the regional geographic features is divided into M, K, S and J in four areas. Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in the surface sediment samples (n=35) collected. 18 homologues were detected in 20 target chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, indicating that ClPAHs has been widely distributed in the surface sediments of the study area. Among them, the concentration range of the sigma Cl PAHs is 0.31~9.64 ng/g DW with an average of 3.21 ng/g DW. The average concentration of 6-ClBaP and 9-ClPhe is the highest, which is the same as that of chloroaromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediments. These two substances are also generally high. The detection rate of 9-ClPhe was 100%, and the average concentration was 1120.39 pg/g DW, which was higher than that of chloroaromatic hydrocarbon homologues. In combination with the specific characteristics of Guangxi Maowei morphology, industrial structure and pollution sources, by comparing the data with other existing small amounts on the surface sediments reported in the literature analysis, we can conclude that ClPAHs concentrations in the surface sediments of Maowei Sea Guangxi belongs to the medium level in the world. The total concentration of 18 ClPAHs in this study with the sampling points in different position, changes in the larger, and the special features of the Maowei Sea and different locations near the pollution sources related to the different. Maowei Sea Surface Sediments in the sigma ClPAHs concentration mainly concentrated in J and K area, S area and some sampling points; the average value of the total concentration of K (5.36 ng/g DW), J region (4.22 ng/g DW) only slightly lower than K, the concentration is very high, the average value of the total concentration of M the lowest (2.11 ng/g DW). It shows that the geographical location has a more important influence on the spatial distribution of ClPAHs in the surface sediments. After many factors analysis, the emissions of complex substances in petrochemical plants and cement plants, fuel combustion and urban sewage discharge all contribute to the high concentration of ClPAHs. (2) in this study, the toxicity equivalent of ClPAHs was normalized by REPBaPEC50/60, and the total toxicity equivalent of ClPAHs was calculated. Through the calculation of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Guangxi Maowei Sea surface sediment samples in the two VA total toxic equivalent (TEQClPAHs) for 601.68 pg-TEQ/g, the toxic equivalent range of monomers is 2.32~185.97 pg-TEQ/g. According to the TEQ of ClPAHs homologues, the ranking is 6-ClChr (30.91%) 3,9,10-Cl3Phe (18.01%) 7-ClBaA (15.77%) 9-ClPhe (5.59%) 9,10-Cl_2Phe (5.17%) 6-ClBaP (4.33%) 8-ClFlu (4.32%) 7,12-Cl_2Ba A (2.53%) 3-ClFlu (2.31%). The main carcinogens are 6-ClChr and 3,9,10-Cl3Phe. The comparison of domestic and foreign research shows that the pollution degree of Maowei Sea Surface Sediment Toxicity of ClPAHs in Guangxi on the environment is still relatively moderate. (3) this study selected 6-ClBaP/1-ClPyr, 3-ClFlu/1-ClPyr, 6-ClBaP/3-ClFlu and 1-ClPyr/3-ClFlu as the criteria for judging the source of ClPAHs. This paper contrasts the domestic and foreign research and the characteristics of the ratio method is widely used. The analysis found that the sediment of Maowei Sea Surface in Guangxi in ClPAHs from motor vehicle exhaust, waste incineration, incineration, coal chemical industrial production and other uncertain sources of pollution, namely incinerator incomplete combustion emissions, vehicle exhaust and combustion of materials containing chlorine etc.. (4) using the PMF model, the ClPAHs on the surface sediments of Maowei Sea in Guangxi for source apportionment, and the ClPAHs of each source contributions are calculated, the results show that the emission of pollutants and petrochemical factories and traffic related pollutants emissions, forest and coal burning and mixed pollution sources (emissions and city the daily waste and garbage including petrochemical factory emissions) contribution to the concentration of ClPAHs source were 14.8%, 18.6%, 30.4% and 36.2%. Although the PMF model has been widely used in environmental analysis, but there is no research on the positive definite matrix model of Maowei Sea Surface Sediments reported in Guangxi ClPAHs source distribution. In order to better describe the toxicity of ClPAHs, we used the positive definite matrix factor model combined with the toxicity equivalent concentration to quantitatively evaluate the toxicity equivalent contribution value (TEQcontribution) of ClPAHs from different sources. The results show that the traffic related emission (0.47 PG TEQBaP g-1), complex emissions from petrochemical plants (0.92 PG TEQBaP g-1), timber and coal combustion (1.06 PG TEQBaP g-1) and mixed source (2.94 PG TEQBaP g-1) toxicity potency against ClPAHs is close, so a few of these pollution sources control and management, is very important to improve the quality of surface sediments of Maowei Sea in Guangxi.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X55;X592

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