本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國地區(qū)黑碳?xì)馊苣z的氣候效應(yīng)及其對(duì)粒徑和光學(xué)參數(shù)的敏感性研究　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 黑碳?xì)馊苣z 氣候效應(yīng) 輻射強(qiáng)迫 RIEMS2.0

【摘要】：黑碳?xì)馊苣z(BC)是由含碳的化石燃料和生物質(zhì)等不完全燃燒產(chǎn)生的,它在氣候系統(tǒng)中扮演著獨(dú)特而重要的角色。BC能在可見光和紅外波段高效地吸收太陽輻射,加熱大氣,影響氣候和空氣質(zhì)量;它還可以通過作為云凝結(jié)核,改變?cè)频姆凑章实扔绊懘髿猸h(huán)流。中國的BC排放較大,受到廣泛的國際關(guān)注,本文利用RIEMS2.0模式模擬研究了中國地區(qū)BC的氣候效應(yīng)及其對(duì)排放源,粒徑分布及光學(xué)系數(shù)的敏感性。本文利用最新的2006年以及2010年高分辨率排放源,研究了中國地區(qū)BC和總?cè)藶闅馊苣z的濃度分布特征、輻射效應(yīng)以及對(duì)排放源的敏感性,結(jié)果表明:(1)與2006年相比,2010年BC的年均地面濃度在中國東部和中部地區(qū)主要是增長趨勢(shì),最大增值為10.90μg/m3,在中國東部地區(qū)光學(xué)厚度最大增加為0.006(2)2010年中東部地區(qū)平均的BC的云天大氣頂輻射強(qiáng)迫為0.29W/m2,總氣溶膠輻射強(qiáng)迫為-1.1W/m2。相比于2006年,2010年BC的輻射強(qiáng)迫在中國東部大部分地區(qū)增強(qiáng),總氣溶膠大氣頂負(fù)輻射強(qiáng)迫在中國東部大部分地區(qū)呈減弱趨勢(shì)。(3)與2006年相比,2010年BC在中國東部大部分地區(qū)使得地面氣溫上升的幅度增大,BC帶來地面氣溫上升的幅度增加的最大值為0.30K。2006年總?cè)藶闅馊苣z引起的平均氣溫變化為-0.096K,最大變化-0.285K,而在2010年則分別為-0.063K和-0.256K�？傮w而言,排放源的變化使得人為氣溶膠的降溫效應(yīng)減弱,其原因在于BC的增溫效應(yīng)增強(qiáng)和散射性氣溶膠的降溫效應(yīng)減弱�；谧钚碌腂C排放數(shù)據(jù),在RIEMS2.0模式中提出了 BC的分粒徑方案(BC粒子劃分為四個(gè)模態(tài),中值直徑分別為0.15、0.41、0.96和5.4μm),通過與常數(shù)粒徑方案的對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn),分粒徑方案能更好地模擬中國地區(qū)的BC。從區(qū)域平均值的角度來看,常數(shù)粒徑方案和分粒徑方案模擬的BC的差異表現(xiàn)為:分粒徑方案模擬的BC地面直接輻射強(qiáng)迫減弱了 0.08～0.56 W/m2;BC的增溫效應(yīng)在華中地區(qū)和華北地區(qū)減弱了-0.04～-0.16 K。兩種方案模擬的BC對(duì)降水的影響差異較大,在不同區(qū)域之間的差值變化范圍為-2.4～3.2mm/d。廣泛使用的常數(shù)粒徑方案可能高估了 BC的濃度、直接輻射強(qiáng)迫和增溫效應(yīng)。分粒徑方案模擬的BC主要集中在工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)和人口密集的華北,長三角地區(qū)和四川盆地地區(qū)。BC在華東和華北地區(qū)的地面濃度變化范圍為1～8μg/m3。BC濃度的高值區(qū)出現(xiàn)在黃河和長江流域的下游地區(qū)以及四川盆地,最大值達(dá)到13.07μg/m3。BC的直接氣候效應(yīng)表現(xiàn)為:云天和晴空柱輻射強(qiáng)迫的區(qū)域平均值分別為1.27和1.39W/m2;云天和晴空地面輻射強(qiáng)迫的區(qū)域平均值分別為-0.84和-1.00 W/m2;中國大部分地區(qū)的地面氣溫增加,增溫范圍為0.04～0.24K;華南地區(qū)降水以減少為主,減小范圍為-0.5～-2.5 mm/d;長江流域中下游地區(qū),降水增加,增加的最大值達(dá)到3.35 mm/d。綜合考慮BC的直接和間接氣候效應(yīng)時(shí):正輻射強(qiáng)迫可達(dá)6W/m2;在華東和華北地區(qū)的大部分區(qū)域,增溫顯著,BC引起地面氣溫的變化范圍為0.04～0.20K;華南和東北地區(qū)降水的增加較為明顯,降水增加的區(qū)域平均值分別為0.08和0.13 mm/d。BC的光學(xué)參數(shù)依賴于它的粒徑和復(fù)折射指數(shù),利用Mie散射原理計(jì)算了不同尺度BC的光學(xué)參數(shù),運(yùn)用新的光學(xué)參數(shù)模擬BC的濃度分布、輻射強(qiáng)迫和氣候效應(yīng),并與均一尺度光學(xué)參數(shù)的模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較,分析光學(xué)參數(shù)對(duì)BC氣候效應(yīng)模擬的敏感性。與原來的均一化的光學(xué)參數(shù)化方案相比:根據(jù)分粒徑重新計(jì)算的光學(xué)參數(shù)模擬的BC在第一模態(tài)的濃度明顯增加,在其他幾個(gè)模態(tài)下BC的濃度減小,總的BC濃度也是減小的。四種模態(tài)的BC和總BC的區(qū)域平均柱濃度變化分別為:0.085、-0.095、-0.089和-0.054 mg/m2。BC光學(xué)厚度的變化范圍是-0.008～-0.0064,BC光學(xué)厚度變化的區(qū)域平均值為-0.0019。從區(qū)域平均的角度分析,BC的晴天輻射強(qiáng)迫減弱了 0.03 W/m2,云天輻射強(qiáng)迫增強(qiáng)了 0.06 W/m2;使用新的方案模擬的增溫區(qū)域減少,增溫值減小,模擬的降溫效應(yīng)在部分地區(qū)增強(qiáng)了,BC引起降溫的變化范圍為-0.04～-0.24K。運(yùn)用分粒徑光學(xué)參數(shù)的模擬結(jié)果顯示:四種粒徑的BC的區(qū)域平均地面濃度分別為0.372,、0.264、0.055和0.004μg/m3。第一和第二模態(tài)BC的地面濃度所占的比例分別為53%和38%。BC總地面濃度的區(qū)域平均值為0.69μg/m3,總柱濃度的區(qū)域平均值為0.28 mg/m2。在晴天和云天情況下,BC大氣頂直接輻射強(qiáng)迫的區(qū)域平均值分別為0.49和0.36 W/m2。在華東,華北和華中的大部分地區(qū),BC引起年均地面氣溫的上升,變化范圍為0.05～0.15K;在華南地區(qū),BC引起降溫。在華東地區(qū),華北地區(qū),華南地區(qū)以及東北地區(qū),BC均使得年均降水減少,區(qū)域平均變化值分別為:-0.83mm/d、-0.05mm/d、-0.11mm/d 和-0.13mm/d;在西部干旱半干旱地區(qū),BC引起年均降水增加了 0.01 mm/d;冬季,BC引起較強(qiáng)的地面氣溫上升,在長江和黃河流域之間的地區(qū),地面氣溫上升顯著,最大增溫達(dá)到0.42K;夏季,在中國南部的部分地區(qū),BC引起降水增加;在長江流域部分地區(qū),BC引起降水減少。BC引起的環(huán)流、氣壓以及溫度的變化存在較好地對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Black carbon aerosol (BC) is produced by incomplete combustion of carbon containing fossil fuels and biomass. It plays a unique and important role in the climate system. BC can effectively absorb solar radiation in the visible and infrared bands, heating the atmosphere, affecting the climate and air quality, and it can also affect the atmospheric circulation by changing the albedo of clouds and so on. China's BC emissions are relatively large, and it has attracted widespread international attention. In this paper, we use RIEMS2.0 model to simulate the climate effect of BC in China and its sensitivity to emission sources, particle size distribution and optical coefficient. Based on the latest 2006 and 2010 high resolution emission source, on the Chinese area of BC and total aerosol concentration distribution, radiation effect and the emission source sensitivity, results showed that: (1) compared with 2006, the annual ground concentration of BC in 2010 in the eastern and central regions of China are mainly growth trend. The maximum value is 10.90 g/m3, in the eastern region of the largest Chinese optical thickness increased to 0.006 (2) BC average in the eastern region in 2010 sky ADRF is 0.29W/m2, the total aerosol radiative forcing is -1.1W/m2. Compared with 2006, the radiation forcing of BC increased in most areas of eastern China in 2010, and the total aerosol top negative radiation forcing decreased in most parts of eastern China. (3) compared with 2006, BC increased the surface air temperature in most areas of eastern China in 2010. The maximum value of BC increased with 0.30K. The average temperature variation caused by total anthropogenic aerosol in 2006 was -0.096K, the maximum change was -0.285K, while in 2010, it was -0.063K and -0.256K respectively. In general, the cooling effect of artificial aerosols is weakened due to the change of emission sources. The reason is that the warming effect of BC is enhanced and the cooling effect of scattering aerosol is weakened. BC emissions based on the latest data, in RIEMS2.0 mode BC is proposed in the scheme (particle size BC particles are divided into four modes, median diameter were 0.15, 0.41, 0.96 and 5.4 m), compared with the constant size scheme that size scheme can better simulate the China area BC. The average value from the regional perspective, the difference scheme and Simulation of constant particle size and size of the BC scheme as follows: size BC ground simulation scheme of direct radiative forcing reduced 0.08 ~ 0.56 W/m2; warming effect of BC weakened -0.04 ~ -0.16 K in Central China region and North China region. The effects of the two schemes of BC on precipitation are different, and the range of difference between different regions is -2.4 to 3.2mm/d. The widely used constant particle size scheme may overestimate the concentration of BC, the direct radiation forcing and the warming effect. The BC is mainly concentrated in the developed and densely populated North China, the Yangtze River Delta region and the Sichuan basin area. The ground concentration variation of BC in East China and North China is 1~8 u g/m3. The high value area of BC concentration appeared in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River Basin and the Sichuan basin, and the maximum value reached 13.07 mu g/m3. The direct climate effect of BC as follows: the sky and sky column radiative forcing of the regional average is 1.27 and 1.39W/m2 respectively; and the clear sky surface radiative forcing the regional average values were -0.84 and -1.00 W/m2; the ground temperature in most parts of Chinese increased warming range is 0.04 ~ 0.24K; the precipitation in Southern China region to reduce. Reduce the range of -0.5 to -2.5 mm/d; the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River Basin in the precipitation increases, the maximum value of 3.35 mm/d increase. Considering the BC direct and indirect climate effect: positive radiative forcing is 6W/m2; most of the region in East and North China, significant warming, BC caused by changes in surface temperature range is 0.04 ~ 0.20K; Southern China and Northeast China precipitation increased obviously, the increase of precipitation, the regional average values were 0.08 and 0.13 mm/d. The optical parameters of BC depends on its particle size and complex refractive index, the optical parameters of different scales of BC were calculated by Mie scattering principle, the optical parameters of new BC simulation of concentration distribution, radiative forcing and climate effects, and simulation and optical parameters of uniform scale were compared to the results, the sensitivity analysis of parameters on the optical simulation BC climate effect. Compared with the original homogenization optical parameterization scheme, the concentration of BC simulated by the optical parameters calculated by particle size is obviously increased in the first mode, and in other modes, the concentration of BC decreases, and the total BC concentration decreases. The changes in the regional mean column concentration of the four modes of BC and the total BC were 0.085, -0.095, -0.089 and -0.054 mg/m2 respectively. The range of BC optical thickness varies from -0.008 to -0.0064, and the regional mean value of BC optical thickness changes is -0.0019. From the analysis of the regional average of sunny radiation BC forced reduced 0.03 W/m2, forcing the enhanced 0.06 W/m2 sky radiation; warming region using a new simulation scheme is reduced, increasing temperature decreased, the cooling effect simulation enhanced in some areas, BC change range of cooling is -0.04 ~ -0.24K. The simulation results of the optical parameters of the particle size show that the average ground concentration of the four BC sizes is 0.372, 0.264, 0.055 and 0.004 micron g/m3, respectively. The ratio of ground concentration to the first and second mode BC is 53% and 38%, respectively. The average area average of the total ground concentration of BC is 0.69 mu g/m3, and the regional average of the total column concentration is 0.28 mg/m2. In the sunny sky and under the condition of BC, the top of the atmosphere of direct radiative forcing the regional average values were 0.49 and 0.36 W/m2. In most areas of East China, North China and central China, BC causes the annual average ground temperature rise, which ranges from 0.05 to 0.15K; in Southern China, BC causes cooling. In eastern China, North China, Southern China and Northeast China, the average annual precipitation is reduced by BC, and the regional average changes are: -0.83mm
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X513

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