本文關(guān)鍵詞：可滲透反應(yīng)墻對模擬鉛鎘復(fù)合污染地下水的修復(fù)效能研究　出處：《陜西科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 可滲透反應(yīng)墻 響應(yīng)曲面法 地下水修復(fù) 鉛 鎘

【摘要】：地下水作為地球上重要的自然資源,對于人類的生產(chǎn)生活有著密切的影響。由于工業(yè)廢水、廢渣不合理排放、農(nóng)藥化肥的大量使用,導(dǎo)致我國地下水污染越來越嚴(yán)重。目前,重金屬污染地下水對環(huán)境的安全性越來越成為人們關(guān)注的焦點,因此,如何更好的修復(fù)重金屬污染地下水已成為當(dāng)前非常重要的問題�？蓾B透反應(yīng)墻(Permeable Reactive Barrier,簡稱PRB)是地下水污染原位修復(fù)的一種有效技術(shù),它的效率在很大程度上取決于反應(yīng)填料的性質(zhì)。本研究以粉碎秸稈、合成沸石、黃土源鐵錳結(jié)核和粉煤灰為可滲透反應(yīng)墻填料修復(fù)模擬重金屬Pb/Cd污染地下水,采用響應(yīng)曲面法對其影響因素進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析;選取Pb/Cd進(jìn)水濃度和流速兩個影響因素進(jìn)行單因素和混合正交試驗,借助SPSS回歸模型研究兩因素對Pb/Cd修復(fù)效果的影響,并對相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擬合分析;采用PRB柱完成耐久性實驗,探究該PRB柱運行的可行性與持續(xù)性,并對反應(yīng)前后填料進(jìn)行XRD、FTIR、SEM測試研究,考察并推斷出四種反應(yīng)填料對Pb/Cd修復(fù)的作用機理和效果。本研究的主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)以秸稈、沸石、鐵錳結(jié)核和粉煤灰為填料組建PRB實驗裝置,完成進(jìn)水濃度、流速、溫度、pH和填料性質(zhì)等影響因素對Pb/Cd去除率的影響實驗。實驗內(nèi)容涉及到:反應(yīng)填料的選擇,反應(yīng)填料安全性測試分析,PRB實驗裝置的設(shè)計,影響因素實驗等。填料性質(zhì)研究結(jié)果顯示,鐵錳結(jié)核的比表面積為121.07m2/g,比表面積較大,而沸石的CEC為117mmol/100g,四種填料均可作為PRB填料進(jìn)行實驗。填料安全性測試表明,四種填料的浸出毒性測試值低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,說明填料是安全可用的。影響因素實驗表明,濃度、流速、pH和溫度對Pb/Cd去除率均具有較大影響,而添加腐殖化秸稈后Pb/Cd去除率有顯著提高。(2)選取響應(yīng)曲面法進(jìn)行PRB柱的影響因素優(yōu)化實驗,根據(jù)Design-Expert軟件中的Box-Behnken設(shè)計進(jìn)行響應(yīng)曲面分析,完成條件優(yōu)化。結(jié)果如下:Pb/Cd回歸模型方差分析中,模型均顯著(ρ0.0001),模型確定系數(shù)為RPb2=0.9957和RCd2=0.9839,說明此模型能解釋99.57%和98.39%的響應(yīng)值變化。PRB系統(tǒng)對Pb/Cd離子修復(fù)過程的最佳條件為:溶液濃度Pb為7.11mg/L、Cd為0.74mg/L,溫度24~25℃、p H為弱酸性,在此條件下,Pb/Cd的去除率最高。(3)對流速和進(jìn)水濃度進(jìn)行單因素和混合正交實驗,結(jié)果表明:該PRB系統(tǒng)可承受最大鉛進(jìn)水濃度為20mg/L(去除率達(dá)80%以上),而可承受最大Cd濃度為1mg/L(去除率達(dá)75%以上)。利用PRB系統(tǒng)修復(fù)模擬Pb/Cd污染地下水,對實驗結(jié)果進(jìn)行模擬分析,結(jié)果表明:Pb/Cd去除率與進(jìn)水濃度和流速都有一定的相關(guān)性,且Pb/Cd去除率和進(jìn)水濃度的相關(guān)性均比Pb/Cd去除率和流速的相關(guān)性高;二元線性回歸模型能更好地展示Pb/Cd去除率隨進(jìn)水濃度和流速的變化趨勢。(4)采用PRB柱設(shè)計耐久性實驗并考察反應(yīng)填料對Pb/Cd的修復(fù)效果和機理。結(jié)果顯示:四種填料在反應(yīng)過程中起到了不同的作用。根據(jù)光譜分析,秸稈表面有大量官能團(tuán),猜測與Pb/Cd發(fā)生配位絡(luò)合反應(yīng);而鐵錳結(jié)核的表面變粗糙,可能是反應(yīng)沉淀所致;粉煤灰和粉煤灰基沸石由于其表面疏松且比表面積大,吸附效果顯著。綜上可知,四種填料利用物理和化學(xué)反應(yīng)共同作用,實現(xiàn)了Pb/Cd復(fù)合污染地下水的深度修復(fù)。
[Abstract]:As an important natural resource on the earth, groundwater has a close influence on human production and life. Because of the irrational discharge of industrial waste water, waste residue and the use of pesticide and chemical fertilizer, the groundwater pollution in China is becoming more and more serious. At present, the safety of groundwater polluted by heavy metals is becoming the focus of attention. Therefore, how to better repair heavy metal contaminated groundwater has become a very important problem. Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) is an effective technology for in-situ remediation of groundwater pollution, and its efficiency largely depends on the nature of the reaction filler. In this study, crushed straw, synthetic zeolite, loess source iron manganese nodules and fly ash as the permeable reactive barrier packing repair heavy metal Pb/Cd pollution of groundwater simulation, the optimization analysis on the influence factors of response surface method; select Pb/Cd influent concentration and flow rate of the two factors were the single factor and the mixed orthogonal test, by using SPSS regression model of two factors on Pb/Cd repair effect, and the related data fitting analysis; PRB column with complete durability test, explore the feasibility of the PRB column operation and continuous, and the reaction before and after filling XRD, FTIR, SEM test research, study and deduce the mechanism of four kinds of fillers on the reaction Pb/Cd repair and effect. The main contents of this study are as follows: (1) straw, zeolite, iron manganese nodule and fly ash are used as filling materials to build PRB experimental device, and the effects of influent concentration, flow rate, temperature, pH and filler properties on Pb/Cd removal efficiency are completed. The experiment includes the selection of the reaction packing, the safety test and analysis of the reaction packing, the design of the PRB experimental device, the experiment of the influence factors, etc. The results of filler properties show that the specific surface area of Fe Mn nodules is 121.07m2/g, the specific surface area is large, while the CEC of zeolite is 117mmol/100g. Four kinds of fillers can be used as PRB filler. The test of packing safety shows that the test value of the leaching toxicity of the four kinds of fillers is lower than the standard value, indicating that the filler is safe and available. The influence factors experiments showed that concentration, flow rate, pH and temperature had great influence on Pb/Cd removal rate, and Pb/Cd removal rate increased significantly after adding humification straw. (2) select the response surface method to optimize the influence factors of PRB column. According to the Box-Behnken design of Design-Expert software, response surface analysis is completed, and the condition optimization is completed. The results are as follows: the model of analysis of variance Pb/Cd regression model were significantly (P 0.0001), the coefficient of determination of RPb2=0.9957 and RCd2=0.9839 model, this model can explain the response of 99.57% and 98.39% of the variation. The best conditions of PRB system for Pb/Cd ion repair process are as follows: the concentration of solution is Pb, 7.11mg/L is Cd, 0.74mg/L is Cd, the temperature is 24~25, and P H is weakly acidic. Under these conditions, the removal rate of Pb/Cd is the highest. (3) single factor and mixed orthogonal experiments on flow velocity and influent concentration showed that the PRB system could bear the maximum lead and influent concentration of 20mg/L (removal rate of more than 80%), while the maximum Cd concentration was 1mg/L (removal rate of 75%). Repair of simulated Pb/Cd polluted groundwater by PRB system, simulation analysis of the experimental results, the results showed that the Pb/Cd removal rate and influent concentration and flow rate have a certain correlation, and the correlation between Pb/Cd removal rate and the influent concentration was higher than Pb/Cd removal rate and high velocity; two element linear regression model can better show the Pb/Cd removal the rate of change with the inlet concentration and flow velocity. (4) the durability test of PRB column was designed and the effect and mechanism of reacting filler on the repair of Pb/Cd were investigated. The results showed that the four kinds of fillers played a different role in the reaction process. According to spectroscopic analysis, there are a lot of functional groups on the surface of the straw, which conjecture the complexation reaction with Pb/Cd. However, the surface of the Fe Mn nodules is rough, which may be caused by reaction precipitation. The adsorption of fly ash and fly ash based zeolite is obvious because of its loose surface and large specific surface area. In a comprehensive way, the four kinds of fillers used both physical and chemical reactions to achieve the deep remediation of Pb/Cd contaminated groundwater.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X523

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