【摘要】： 甘南藏族自治州位于甘肅省的西南部,總面積約為44,000余平方公里,轄夏河縣、臨潭縣、舟曲縣、迭部縣、卓尼縣、碌曲縣、瑪曲縣等七個(gè)縣,州政府設(shè)立在夏河縣的合作鎮(zhèn)。甘南藏區(qū)東連渭源、岷縣、武都等縣,南面與四川省接壤,西面與青海省相連,北面與寧夏回族自治州為鄰。全州聚居著藏族、回族、漢族、土族、撒拉族、保安族、東鄉(xiāng)族等24個(gè)民族,各民族關(guān)系融洽,民族文化異彩紛呈。 在甘南,信仰藏傳佛教的主要有藏族、土族和一部分漢族。甘南自治州藏族最早信仰苯教。苯教是藏族土生土長(zhǎng)的、以萬物有靈論為其思想基礎(chǔ)的宗教,夾雜著自然崇拜、圖騰崇拜,是比較成型的原始宗教。后來大約在公元7世紀(jì),佛教傳入藏區(qū),與當(dāng)?shù)氐脑甲诮瘫浇滔嗯鲎?經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的相互斗爭(zhēng)和相互影響,發(fā)展成為適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐摹⒉⑶規(guī)в袧夂衩褡逍�、地域性特點(diǎn)的藏傳佛教。甘南藏區(qū)藏傳佛教的主要教派有寧瑪派、噶舉派、薩迦派、格魯派等。寧瑪派是甘南藏區(qū)最早崇奉的藏傳佛教的教派之一,后來很多寺院改奉了格魯派,只有夏河的紅教寺、郭瓦灘寺信奉寧瑪派至今。薩迦派在甘南藏區(qū)總共存在了164年之久,它最早是從元朝時(shí)期傳入甘南藏區(qū)的,1295年在甘南的卓尼創(chuàng)建了禪定寺,到了明朝時(shí)期,即公元1459年,該寺改信格魯派。格魯派是后來由宗喀巴大師創(chuàng)立的藏傳佛教的一個(gè)教派,俗稱“黃教”。格魯派在甘南藏區(qū)的主要代表寺院有拉卜楞寺、禪定寺等。 甘南藏傳佛教的寺院文化,屬于藏族傳統(tǒng)文化的組成部分,它與當(dāng)?shù)夭貍鞣鸾痰臍v史及宗教文化的傳承、藏族的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)等密切相關(guān)。本文運(yùn)用了民族學(xué)、宗教學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)等學(xué)科的理論知識(shí),分析了甘南藏族自治州藏傳佛教豐富多樣的寺院文化,包括它的建筑與繪畫藝術(shù)、藏傳佛教經(jīng)文的刻印、寺院僧侶教育、藏傳佛教的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日文化、藏傳佛教的法舞藝術(shù),歷代高僧的成就和主要著作,以及寺院的旅游文化等方面。同時(shí)還從經(jīng)濟(jì)、國(guó)民素質(zhì)、科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展、國(guó)家政策等方面的原因進(jìn)行闡述,進(jìn)一步說明藏傳佛教寺院文化興衰的原因,以及寺院文化呈現(xiàn)出的一個(gè)新特點(diǎn)——世俗化。在建設(shè)和諧社會(huì)中,如何更好地保護(hù)和發(fā)展寺院文化,也是本文研究的內(nèi)容之一。
[Abstract]:Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the southwest of Gansu Province, with a total area of more than 44000 square kilometers. It has seven counties, including Xiahe County, Lintan County, Zhouqu County, Diebu County, Zhuoni County, Luqu County and Maqu County. The state government is established in the cooperative town of Xiahe County. Gannan Tibetan area is connected with Weiyuan, Minxian and Wudu counties in the east, Sichuan Province in the south, Qinghai Province in the west and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in the north. The whole state is inhabited by 24 ethnic groups, such as Tibetan, Hui, Han, Turkish, Salar, Baoan, Dongxiang and so on. In Gannan, Tibetan Buddhism is mainly believed in Tibetan, Turkish and some Han nationality. Tibetans in Gannan Autonomous Prefecture were the first to believe in benzene religion. Benzene religion is a Tibetan native religion, which is based on animism of all things, mixed with natural worship and totem worship, and is a relatively formative primitive religion. Later, around the 7th century AD, Buddhism was introduced into Tibetan areas and collided with the local primitive religion of benzene. After a long period of struggle and mutual influence, Buddhism developed into a suitable local area, with a strong national character. Tibetan Buddhism with regional characteristics. The main denominations of Tibetan Buddhism in Gannan Tibetan area are Ningma School, Kaghi School, Saga School, Gru School and so on. Ningma School is one of the earliest Tibetan Buddhist denominations in Gannan Tibetan area. Later, many monasteries converted to Gruk School, only the Hongjiao Temple in Xiahe River, and Guowatan Temple believed in Ningma School so far. The Saga School existed in Gannan Tibetan area for a total of 164 years. It was first introduced into Gannan Tibetan area from the Yuan Dynasty. Zen Temple was founded in Zhuoni in Gannan in 1295. In the Ming Dynasty, that is, AD 1459, the temple was converted to the Gruk School. Gruk School is a sect of Tibetan Buddhism later founded by Master Zongkapa, commonly known as Huang Religion. The main representative monasteries of Gruk School in Gannan Tibetan area are Labureng Temple, Zen Temple and so on. The monastery culture of Tibetan Buddhism in Gannan is an integral part of Tibetan traditional culture, which is closely related to the history and religious culture of local Tibetan Buddhism, Tibetan traditional folk art and so on. Based on the theoretical knowledge of nationality, religion, sociology and other disciplines, this paper analyzes the rich and diverse monastery culture of Tibetan Buddhism in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, including its architecture and painting art, and the engraving of Tibetan Buddhist scriptures. Monastery monk education, Tibetan Buddhism traditional holiday culture, Tibetan Buddhism French dance art, the achievements and main works of monks in past dynasties, as well as monastery tourism culture and so on. At the same time, it also expounds the reasons for the rise and fall of Tibetan Buddhist monastery culture from the aspects of economy, national quality, scientific and technological development, national policy and so on, as well as a new feature of monastery culture, secularization. In the construction of harmonious society, how to better protect and develop monastery culture is also one of the contents of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：B948

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 龍珠多杰;藏傳佛教寺院建筑文化研究[D];中央民族大學(xué);2011年

2 呂春祥;甘肅卓尼藏族龍紋圖形研究[D];中央民族大學(xué);2010年

3 王曉珍;從河湟地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)建筑彩畫看藏漢文化交融[D];西安美術(shù)學(xué)院;2013年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 李馳;西藏建筑的前世今生[D];天津大學(xué);2010年

2 劉明洋;包頭藏傳佛教建筑文化研究[D];華南理工大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：2496405