發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-06 00:59

【摘要】：德?tīng)枅D良是早期基督教著名思想家、拉丁教父的主要代表人物,其對(duì)三位一體與耶穌神人二性教義的闡釋為后來(lái)東西方兩個(gè)教會(huì)的正統(tǒng)教義奠定了基礎(chǔ)。在其神學(xué)思想體系中放棄了希臘哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的理性主義真理認(rèn)識(shí)論,而在譴責(zé)異端使用哲學(xué)概念表述基督教真理的同時(shí),他也認(rèn)為絕對(duì)真理只有在超越有限性的啟示中才能被人認(rèn)識(shí),而信仰正是人對(duì)自身有限理性的超越。為了不陷入理性思辨的哲學(xué)紛爭(zhēng),德?tīng)枅D良將《圣經(jīng)》看做是上帝在人類歷史中展開救贖的畫卷,上帝既是神圣救贖歷史的主角,也是人類歷史進(jìn)程的最終決定者。德?tīng)枅D良提出了明晰的關(guān)于三位一體的論述,即父、子、靈都屬于一個(gè)本質(zhì),在歷史中顯示出三個(gè)不同地位,也就是傳統(tǒng)的拉丁教派“經(jīng)世三一”論。“經(jīng)世三一”論起源于上帝對(duì)猶太人的啟示,歷經(jīng)福音書階段耶穌基督的教誨,最終由來(lái)自于父和子的靈引導(dǎo)信徒們繼續(xù)在主的道路上沐浴真理。其信仰主義認(rèn)識(shí)論也由此出發(fā),他認(rèn)為只有在相信和依靠的基礎(chǔ)上接受神和真理的啟示才是可行的認(rèn)知路線,這條認(rèn)知路線既是真理之路也是基督徒的信仰之路。作為德?tīng)枅D良信仰主義神學(xué)中的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容,信仰主義認(rèn)識(shí)論有特定的認(rèn)識(shí)對(duì)象和獨(dú)特的認(rèn)識(shí)方式。以對(duì)基督的信靠為基礎(chǔ),信徒們接受來(lái)自上帝的啟示并活在真理之中,這種認(rèn)識(shí)方式以排斥理性的哲學(xué)思考和認(rèn)知為前提。綜上所述,德?tīng)枅D良信仰主義神學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)論是對(duì)晚期希臘哲學(xué)在關(guān)于真理的認(rèn)知困境上的一種應(yīng)對(duì),同時(shí)也是對(duì)基督教原教旨的解讀和維護(hù)。盡管德?tīng)枅D良為維護(hù)信仰而排斥理性,但是他的信仰主義認(rèn)識(shí)論中也滲透了很多希臘哲學(xué)理性要素,其三一論的框架深受斯多葛學(xué)派的影響,神人二性說(shuō)中可以隱約瞥見(jiàn)柏拉圖的影子,所以德?tīng)枅D良并非一位盲目反對(duì)理性的人。因?yàn)樗嘈庞行┦虑楸臼翘^(guò)于奇妙,以至于超越了理性認(rèn)知的界限,例如十字架與浸禮的能力。但是,信仰必須以理性上之不可能為基礎(chǔ),德?tīng)枅D良堅(jiān)信不受限制的思辨在絕對(duì)真理的問(wèn)題上會(huì)錯(cuò)得很離譜,而對(duì)于基督徒真正重要的是神的啟示。所以,在一定范圍內(nèi)德?tīng)枅D良自己也使用希臘哲學(xué)的概念和語(yǔ)詞構(gòu)建基督教神學(xué)體系,但是他嚴(yán)格劃分了理性與信仰的界限并將信仰作為維護(hù)對(duì)象和最終目的。德?tīng)枅D良為維護(hù)信仰而系統(tǒng)化信仰主義神學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)論對(duì)于后來(lái)的基督教教義發(fā)展和后世神學(xué)家都產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
[Abstract]:Tertullian was a famous early Christian thinker and the main representative of the Latin father. His interpretation of the trinity and the doctrine of Jesus God and man laid the foundation for the orthodoxy of the two churches in the East and the West. In his theological system, he abandoned the rationalistic truth epistemology of Greek philosophy and condemned heresy for using philosophical concepts to express Christian truth. He also believes that absolute truth can only be recognized in the enlightenment of surpassing finiteness, and belief is the transcendence of man's limited rationality. In order not to fall into the philosophical dispute of rational speculation, Tertullian regards the Bible as the picture of God's redemption in human history. God is not only the protagonist of the history of sacred redemption, but also the final decider of the process of human history. Tertullian put forward a clear exposition of the trinity, that is, the father, son and spirit all belong to one essence, showing three different positions in history, that is, the traditional Latin sect "Trinity" theory. The theory of "Trinity" originated from God's enlightenment to Jews. Through the teaching of Jesus Christ in the Gospels stage, the spirit from the Father and the son finally led the followers to continue to bathe the truth on the way of the Lord. From this, he believes that only by accepting the enlightenment of God and truth on the basis of belief and dependence is a feasible cognitive route, which is both the road of truth and the way of Christian belief. As an important part of Tertullian's belief theology, belief epistemology has a specific cognitive object and a unique way of understanding. Based on faith in Christ, followers accept revelations from God and live in truth. this way of understanding is premised on the exclusion of rational philosophical thinking and cognition. To sum up, Tertullian's belief theological epistemology is a response to the cognitive dilemma of late Greek philosophy on the truth, and it is also the interpretation and maintenance of Christian tenets. Although Tertullian rejected reason in order to safeguard his belief, many rational elements of Greek philosophy were infiltrated into his belief epistemology, and the framework of his trinity was deeply influenced by the stoic school. The shadow of Plato can be glimpsed in the theory of divinity and man, so Tertullian is not a blind opposition to reason. Because he believed that some things were so wonderful that they went beyond the boundaries of rational cognition, such as the ability of the cross and baptism. But faith must be based on rational impossibility. Tertullian firmly believes that unrestricted speculation can be outrageous on the issue of absolute truth, and that what is really important to Christians is God's enlightenment. Therefore, to a certain extent, Tertullian himself uses the concept and words of Greek philosophy to construct the Christian theological system, but he strictly divides the boundary between reason and belief and regards belief as the object and ultimate goal of preservation. Tertullian's systematic belief theological epistemology in order to maintain belief had a profound influence on the later development of Christian doctrine and later theologians.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉首大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：B978

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