十九世紀(jì)末二十世紀(jì)初俄國(guó)社會(huì)主義發(fā)展中的宗教問題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-22 09:46
【摘要】：在人類社會(huì)發(fā)展史上，社會(huì)主義與宗教的關(guān)系是一個(gè)復(fù)雜而又敏感的新課題�？茖W(xué)社會(huì)主義無(wú)論做為一種思潮、一種運(yùn)動(dòng)還是一種社會(huì)制度，都是堅(jiān)持以馬克思主義為指導(dǎo)思想，堅(jiān)持辨證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義（包括無(wú)神論），這就與一切唯心論（包括宗教的有神論）有著根本的區(qū)別。對(duì)于馬克思主義政黨來說，堅(jiān)持馬克思主義的指導(dǎo)，處理好社會(huì)主義發(fā)展中的宗教問題就成為了一個(gè)關(guān)乎革命成敗的重大而又復(fù)雜的問題。 19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初，，俄國(guó)社會(huì)主義發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了科學(xué)社會(huì)主義思想的傳播、建立無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)政黨、進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義革命斗爭(zhēng)、建立社會(huì)主義國(guó)家政權(quán)等諸多過程。社會(huì)主義發(fā)展中對(duì)宗教應(yīng)該持什么樣的態(tài)度，宗教方面對(duì)社會(huì)主義的反應(yīng)如何，以列寧為代表的俄國(guó)布爾什維克黨在這一過程中如何認(rèn)識(shí)和處理宗教問題，有哪些經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，這些是需要深入研究的重要課題。而以往的社會(huì)主義發(fā)展史中對(duì)這一問題的研究比較薄弱，本論文針對(duì)這一問題進(jìn)行了探討。 本論文正文部分共六章。 第一章，“十九世紀(jì)末俄國(guó)社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起”。主要對(duì)十九世紀(jì)末國(guó)際政治形勢(shì)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹，說明當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)代是帝國(guó)主義和無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命的時(shí)代，而俄國(guó)是帝國(guó)主義矛盾的集合點(diǎn)。同時(shí)對(duì)科學(xué)社會(huì)主義思潮在俄國(guó)的傳播做了回顧，并重點(diǎn)介紹了普列漢諾夫和列寧對(duì)科學(xué)社會(huì)主義思想在俄國(guó)的傳播所做的貢獻(xiàn)。 第二章，“俄國(guó)社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)中宗教問題的提出”。對(duì)沙皇俄國(guó)的宗教狀況和教會(huì)與沙皇政權(quán)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了概述，指出俄國(guó)是一個(gè)基本上全民信教的國(guó)家，而俄國(guó)東正教會(huì)和沙皇政權(quán)的關(guān)系是教會(huì)依附于皇權(quán)。在這樣的一個(gè)國(guó)家里進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義革命，必然要涉及到與宗教和教會(huì)的關(guān)系問題。普列漢諾夫?qū)ψ诮虇栴}進(jìn)行了初步研究，提出了歷史唯物主義的宗教觀，列寧在建立布爾什維克黨的過程中對(duì)宗教問題做了研究。 第三章，“俄國(guó)1905年革命及革命低潮時(shí)期中的宗教問題”。介紹了1905年俄國(guó)革命的過程，教會(huì)在這一時(shí)期維護(hù)沙皇的專制統(tǒng)治和剝削制度，而且用武力反對(duì)人民。革命低潮時(shí)期，唯心主義猖獗，“尋神說”和“造神說”泛濫，危害了馬克思主義的理論基礎(chǔ)，危害社會(huì)民主黨的組織，影響了革命事業(yè)的發(fā)展。普列漢諾夫和列寧對(duì)之進(jìn)行了尖銳的批判。 第四章，“列寧關(guān)于社會(huì)主義發(fā)展中的宗教問題理論的全面闡述”。主要對(duì)俄國(guó)1905年革命后到1917年間列寧有關(guān)宗教問題的思想進(jìn)行挖掘，其主要觀點(diǎn)包括：關(guān)于階級(jí)社會(huì)中宗教的本質(zhì)、起源和社會(huì)作用；關(guān)于“國(guó)家與教會(huì)相分離”的原則；同宗教做斗爭(zhēng)要服從于革命斗爭(zhēng)的需要；對(duì)宗教神職人員要采取正確的態(tài)度；反對(duì)對(duì)待宗教的“左”的態(tài)度等等。 WP=4 第五章，“十月社會(huì)主義革命期間的宗教問題”。主要介紹了在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)和俄國(guó)社會(huì)矛盾激化的情況下，俄國(guó)革命形勢(shì)日益成熟，終于爆發(fā)了1917年革命。在1917年二月革命和十月革命的進(jìn)程中，俄國(guó)教會(huì)充當(dāng)了反革命的角色，進(jìn)行了一系列的反革命活動(dòng)。 第六章，“新生蘇維埃政權(quán)對(duì)宗教問題的處理”。詳細(xì)介紹了蘇維埃政權(quán)建立過程中關(guān)于宗教問題的政策法令，教會(huì)對(duì)蘇維埃政權(quán)的反抗，蘇維埃政權(quán)實(shí)行了宗教信仰自由的政策，在打擊教會(huì)反革命活動(dòng)的同時(shí)，保護(hù)了正常的宗教活動(dòng)。論文還總結(jié)了列寧晚年關(guān)于宗教問題的思想，包括摧毀剝削經(jīng)濟(jì)和宗教宣傳組織的聯(lián)系、不能把國(guó)家問題和宗教問題混為一談、蘇維埃政權(quán)對(duì)各宗教一視同仁、同宗教做斗爭(zhēng)要特別慎重、要組織廣泛的無(wú)神論宣傳等。
[Abstract]:In the history of human society, the relationship between socialism and religion is a complex and sensitive new subject. Whether the scientific socialism is a kind of ideological trend, a movement or a kind of social system is to adhere to the Marxism as the guiding ideology and stick to the dialectical materialism and historical materialism (including atheism). This is fundamentally different from all idealism, including the divine theory of religion. To the Marxist political party, to adhere to the guidance of Marxism, to deal with the religious problem in the socialist development has become a major and complex problem which is about the success or failure of the revolution. At the beginning of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the socialist development of Russia has gone through the dissemination of scientific socialism thought, established the proletarian party, carried out the struggle of the socialist revolution, and set up the socialist country What is the attitude of religion in the development of socialism, how to respond to socialism, how to know and deal with religious problems in this process by the Bolshevik Party of Russia, which is the representative of Lenin What lessons are available, these are needed In the history of the history of socialism, the study of this problem is relatively weak, and the thesis is aimed at this a problem has been discussed. The first chapter, "The Rise of the Russian Society Movement at the" At the end of the 19th century, the international political situation was introduced briefly, and the time of the time was the empire. The time of the revolution of the proletariat and the proletariat, while Russia is the set point of the contradiction of the imperialism. At the same time, the dissemination of the scientific socialism thought in Russia has been reviewed, and the main points are given. The contribution of Hanov and Lenin to the dissemination of scientific socialism thought in Russia. The Socialist Movement of Russia ". An overview of the religious situation of the czar Russian and the relationship between the church and the czar regime, pointing out that Russia is one. The relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the czar regime is the church's attachment to the imperial power. In such a country, carrying out the socialist revolution must involve the relationship with the religion and the church. On the religious view of historical materialism, Lenin made a study on the issue of religion in the process of establishing the Bolshevik Party. the Period of the Low-tide of the Revolution鈥
本文編號(hào)：2413101
[Abstract]:In the history of human society, the relationship between socialism and religion is a complex and sensitive new subject. Whether the scientific socialism is a kind of ideological trend, a movement or a kind of social system is to adhere to the Marxism as the guiding ideology and stick to the dialectical materialism and historical materialism (including atheism). This is fundamentally different from all idealism, including the divine theory of religion. To the Marxist political party, to adhere to the guidance of Marxism, to deal with the religious problem in the socialist development has become a major and complex problem which is about the success or failure of the revolution. At the beginning of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the socialist development of Russia has gone through the dissemination of scientific socialism thought, established the proletarian party, carried out the struggle of the socialist revolution, and set up the socialist country What is the attitude of religion in the development of socialism, how to respond to socialism, how to know and deal with religious problems in this process by the Bolshevik Party of Russia, which is the representative of Lenin What lessons are available, these are needed In the history of the history of socialism, the study of this problem is relatively weak, and the thesis is aimed at this a problem has been discussed. The first chapter, "The Rise of the Russian Society Movement at the" At the end of the 19th century, the international political situation was introduced briefly, and the time of the time was the empire. The time of the revolution of the proletariat and the proletariat, while Russia is the set point of the contradiction of the imperialism. At the same time, the dissemination of the scientific socialism thought in Russia has been reviewed, and the main points are given. The contribution of Hanov and Lenin to the dissemination of scientific socialism thought in Russia. The Socialist Movement of Russia ". An overview of the religious situation of the czar Russian and the relationship between the church and the czar regime, pointing out that Russia is one. The relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the czar regime is the church's attachment to the imperial power. In such a country, carrying out the socialist revolution must involve the relationship with the religion and the church. On the religious view of historical materialism, Lenin made a study on the issue of religion in the process of establishing the Bolshevik Party. the Period of the Low-tide of the Revolution鈥
本文編號(hào)：2413101
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