【摘要】：雅斯貝斯說過,在軸心期,"理性和理性地闡明的經驗向神話發(fā)起一場斗爭(理性反對神話),斗爭進一步發(fā)展為普天歸一的上帝之超然存在,反對不存在的惡魔,最后發(fā)生了反對諸神不真實形象的倫理的反抗。"然而,雅斯貝斯的上述判斷應當說顯得過于籠統(tǒng)。事實上是,經過軸心期,古代中國、印度、希臘、猶太呈現出十分不同的神觀,或者分道揚鑣,或者殊途同歸。這包括:(1)中國的宗教信仰最具連續(xù)性特征,當然,不只中國,古代埃及和巴比倫也是如此;(2)與中國形成鮮明對比的是,猶太民族的"神"體現了典型的斷裂性或突破性特征,并且無比徹底;(3)希臘的情況最初與中國十分接近,即古老傳統(tǒng)并沒有改變,但之后由于基督教包括猶太教的滲透和傳播,又逐漸融入斷裂的或即革命的嶄新宗教樣式;(4)相比之下,印度宗教的演化可能最為復雜:其經歷了由傳統(tǒng)到斷裂,復由斷裂再回歸傳統(tǒng)的過程�？傊�,軸心時期諸文明的神觀各不相同,宗教之路各不相同。雅斯貝斯的論述或觀點實際上存在著概念的模糊與混淆,在他這里,神話與神觀是幾乎不分的,精英與大眾是幾乎一樣的,無神論理性等同于宗教倫理,東西方的神觀或宗教看上去完全相同或根本沒有差別,而這實際上是將軸心期的作用或意義概念化或夸大化了。
[Abstract]:Jaspers once said that in the axial period, "the rational and rationally stated experience initiates a struggle against mythology (rational opposition to myth), which further develops into the transcendent existence of the universal God, against the evil that does not exist," Finally there was an ethical revolt against the untrue image of the gods. " However, Jaspers's judgment should be said to be too general. In fact, through the axis period, ancient China, India, Greece, and Judaea showed a very different view of God, or parted ways, or in the same way. This includes: (1) China's religious beliefs have the most continuous characteristics, of course, not only China, ancient Egypt and Babylon is the same; (2) in sharp contrast with China, the "God" of the Jewish people embodies the typical characteristics of breakage or breakthrough, and is extremely thorough; (3) the situation in Greece was very close to that of China at first, that is, the ancient tradition had not changed, but later, because of the infiltration and dissemination of Christianity, including Judaism, it gradually merged into the new religious style of rupture or revolution; (4) by contrast, the evolution of Indian religion is probably the most complicated: it goes from tradition to fault, from fault to tradition. In a word, the gods of the civilization in the axis period are different, and the ways of religion are different. In fact, there is ambiguity and confusion of concepts in Jaspers's argument or opinion. In his opinion, mythology and God are almost indistinguishable, elites and masses are almost the same, atheism is equal to religious ethics. The deities or religions of the East and the West appear to be the same or not at all, which is in fact conceptualizing or exaggerating the role or meaning of the Axis period.
【作者單位】： 上海師范大學法政學院哲學與跨文化研究所;
【基金】：上海高校高峰高原學科建設項目成果
【分類號】：B929

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