論魏晉僧人對《莊子》的接受
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-24 21:21
【摘要】：魏晉以來，漢代經(jīng)學(xué)勢衰，以闡揚老莊道家思想為旨趣的玄學(xué)成為時代精神的主題。特別是兩晉時期，《莊子》受到了玄學(xué)家們的廣泛青睞，借《莊子》以闡發(fā)自己的思想成為一種時尚。而較早于兩漢交替之際傳入中國的佛教，一直試圖借助我國原有的傳統(tǒng)文化來尋求自身的生存與發(fā)展，對老莊道家思想特別是《莊子》思想的廣泛接受是魏晉時期佛教中國化的顯著特征。因此本文借助文獻記載和學(xué)界研究成果，從認同基礎(chǔ)、哲學(xué)意蘊、意義及影響三個方面對魏晉僧人是如何接受《莊子》的問題進行了再探討，力求有所收獲。 首先，從魏晉僧人對《莊子》接受的認同基礎(chǔ)上來看，印度佛教思想的傳入與魏晉時期玄學(xué)的勃興為僧人接受《莊子》思想提供了良好的契機。漢魏之際，兩漢儒家經(jīng)學(xué)對傳統(tǒng)文化的影響仍然明顯。傳統(tǒng)文化的歷史繼承性和相對穩(wěn)定性決定了它對外來佛教思想具有一種本能的懷疑與排斥，而此時玄學(xué)的勃興使得本完整的傳統(tǒng)文化鏈條被打開了缺口，于是佛教便有了可趁之機。需要指出的是，漢魏之際佛教僧人在翻譯佛經(jīng)和傳播佛教教義的過程中，由于語言與文化環(huán)境的不同，，使得佛教僧人積極攀附中國傳統(tǒng)文化，特別是老莊思想，這為魏晉時期對《莊子》思想的借鑒和吸收，打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。 其次，從魏晉僧人對《莊子》接受的哲學(xué)意蘊上來看，魏晉時期佛教僧人從本體論向度和認識論向度對《莊子》的吸收與借鑒尤為明顯，主要是對其重要范疇、言說形式、思維方式以及思想理論等方面進行廣泛的接受與運用，為佛教教義的深化與發(fā)展提供了有益的幫助。特別是對《莊子》思想中“氣”論、“道”論以及“無”論思想的吸收與借鑒，為具有有國特色的佛教本體論思想的最終建立提供了理論和方法上的支持。而佛教終極本體的確立后還面臨著一個如何認識這一本體的問題，在解決這一問題時，《莊子》又為佛教僧人提供了方法論支持。 第三，從魏晉僧人對《莊子》接受的意義與影響來看，僧人群體對《莊子》思想的借鑒與吸收不僅深刻影響了佛教在魏晉時期的發(fā)展過程，同時形成的這種“以佛解莊”的研究方法也深刻影響了以后的佛學(xué)研究實踐。同時，魏晉僧人對《莊子》接受過程也是莊學(xué)得到快速發(fā)展的過程，魏晉時期的玄學(xué)家能夠以一種有別與先秦兩漢的研究視角來看待《莊子》文本與思想，很有可能受到了佛教思想的影響。
[Abstract]:Since the Wei and Jin dynasties, Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty have declined, and metaphysics, which aims at expounding Lao Zhuang Taoism, has become the theme of the spirit of the times. Especially in the Jin Dynasty, Zhuangzi was widely favored by metaphysics, and it became a fashion to elucidate his thoughts by means of Zhuangzi. Buddhism, which was introduced into China earlier than the alternation of the Han Dynasty, has been trying to seek its own survival and development with the help of our original traditional culture. The wide acceptance of Lao Zhuang Taoist thought, especially Zhuangzi thought, is a remarkable characteristic of Buddhism in Wei and Jin dynasties. Therefore, with the help of literature records and academic research results, this paper discusses how the monks of Wei and Jin dynasties accept Zhuangzi from the three aspects of identification basis, philosophical implication, significance and influence, in order to gain some results. First of all, on the basis of the acceptance of Zhuangzi by monks in Wei and Jin dynasties, the introduction of Indian Buddhist thought and the flourishing of metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties provide a good opportunity for monks to accept Zhuangzi's thought. At the time of Han and Wei dynasties, the influence of Confucian classics on traditional culture was still obvious. The historical inheritance and relative stability of traditional culture determine that it has an instinctive suspicion and rejection of foreign Buddhist thoughts, and the rise of metaphysics at this time opens the gap of this complete chain of traditional culture. Then Buddhism had an opportunity to take advantage of it. It should be pointed out that in the process of translating Buddhist scriptures and spreading Buddhist teachings during the Han and Wei dynasties, Buddhist monks actively attached to Chinese traditional culture, especially Laozhuang thought, because of the differences in language and cultural environment. This laid a good foundation for the reference and absorption of Zhuangzi's thought in Wei and Jin dynasties. Secondly, from the view of the philosophical implication of the acceptance of Zhuangzi by the monks in Wei and Jin dynasties, the absorption and reference of Buddhist monks to Zhuangzi from the aspect of ontology and epistemology is particularly obvious, mainly for its important category and the form of speech. The mode of thinking and the theory of thought are widely accepted and applied, which provides beneficial help for the deepening and development of Buddhist doctrine. In particular, the absorption and reference of "Qi", "Tao" and "none" in Zhuangzi's thought provide theoretical and methodological support for the ultimate establishment of Buddhist ontology with national characteristics. After the establishment of the ultimate Noumenon of Buddhism, there is still a problem of how to recognize the Noumenon. In solving this problem, Zhuangzi provides methodological support for Buddhist monks. Thirdly, from the view of the significance and influence of the acceptance of Zhuangzi by the monks in the Wei and Jin dynasties, the reference and absorption of the thought of Zhuangzi not only profoundly affected the development process of Buddhism in the Wei and Jin dynasties. At the same time, this kind of research method also deeply influenced the practice of Buddhism research in the future. At the same time, the acceptance process of Zhuangzi by monks in Wei and Jin dynasties is also the process of the rapid development of Zhuang studies. Metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties can view the text and thought of Zhuangzi from a different perspective from that of pre-Qin and Han dynasties. Probably influenced by Buddhist thought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：B235;B949
本文編號：2292589
[Abstract]:Since the Wei and Jin dynasties, Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty have declined, and metaphysics, which aims at expounding Lao Zhuang Taoism, has become the theme of the spirit of the times. Especially in the Jin Dynasty, Zhuangzi was widely favored by metaphysics, and it became a fashion to elucidate his thoughts by means of Zhuangzi. Buddhism, which was introduced into China earlier than the alternation of the Han Dynasty, has been trying to seek its own survival and development with the help of our original traditional culture. The wide acceptance of Lao Zhuang Taoist thought, especially Zhuangzi thought, is a remarkable characteristic of Buddhism in Wei and Jin dynasties. Therefore, with the help of literature records and academic research results, this paper discusses how the monks of Wei and Jin dynasties accept Zhuangzi from the three aspects of identification basis, philosophical implication, significance and influence, in order to gain some results. First of all, on the basis of the acceptance of Zhuangzi by monks in Wei and Jin dynasties, the introduction of Indian Buddhist thought and the flourishing of metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties provide a good opportunity for monks to accept Zhuangzi's thought. At the time of Han and Wei dynasties, the influence of Confucian classics on traditional culture was still obvious. The historical inheritance and relative stability of traditional culture determine that it has an instinctive suspicion and rejection of foreign Buddhist thoughts, and the rise of metaphysics at this time opens the gap of this complete chain of traditional culture. Then Buddhism had an opportunity to take advantage of it. It should be pointed out that in the process of translating Buddhist scriptures and spreading Buddhist teachings during the Han and Wei dynasties, Buddhist monks actively attached to Chinese traditional culture, especially Laozhuang thought, because of the differences in language and cultural environment. This laid a good foundation for the reference and absorption of Zhuangzi's thought in Wei and Jin dynasties. Secondly, from the view of the philosophical implication of the acceptance of Zhuangzi by the monks in Wei and Jin dynasties, the absorption and reference of Buddhist monks to Zhuangzi from the aspect of ontology and epistemology is particularly obvious, mainly for its important category and the form of speech. The mode of thinking and the theory of thought are widely accepted and applied, which provides beneficial help for the deepening and development of Buddhist doctrine. In particular, the absorption and reference of "Qi", "Tao" and "none" in Zhuangzi's thought provide theoretical and methodological support for the ultimate establishment of Buddhist ontology with national characteristics. After the establishment of the ultimate Noumenon of Buddhism, there is still a problem of how to recognize the Noumenon. In solving this problem, Zhuangzi provides methodological support for Buddhist monks. Thirdly, from the view of the significance and influence of the acceptance of Zhuangzi by the monks in the Wei and Jin dynasties, the reference and absorption of the thought of Zhuangzi not only profoundly affected the development process of Buddhism in the Wei and Jin dynasties. At the same time, this kind of research method also deeply influenced the practice of Buddhism research in the future. At the same time, the acceptance process of Zhuangzi by monks in Wei and Jin dynasties is also the process of the rapid development of Zhuang studies. Metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties can view the text and thought of Zhuangzi from a different perspective from that of pre-Qin and Han dynasties. Probably influenced by Buddhist thought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：B235;B949
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