西方凈土信仰與唐人創(chuàng)作研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-11 14:06
【摘要】：在唐代,西方凈土信仰作為終極信仰的優(yōu)越性被義學(xué)大師反復(fù)闡釋并強(qiáng)化,被僧俗兩界普遍認(rèn)同,被庶民階層熱誠崇奉,并得到了絕大多數(shù)唐代統(tǒng)治者的扶持。西方凈土信仰在這一時(shí)期也更普遍、深入地影響到文人的思想和生活。唐代文人研習(xí)佛教理論成為風(fēng)習(xí),通過與各宗大師的廣泛交流,佛學(xué)的精深義理已逐漸被他們接受并掌握,并植入到他們的世界觀、人生觀、審美觀之中。這種影響在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的內(nèi)容和形式上都得到充分、鮮明的體現(xiàn),佛教遂成為推動(dòng)文學(xué)發(fā)展的重要力量之一。唐代文人崇佛的心態(tài)比較復(fù)雜,其接受西方凈土信仰的因緣和途徑不同,表現(xiàn)互異。總體來講,唐代文人的凈土信仰思想雜糅不一,復(fù)雜多變,與真正的佛教徒有很大的區(qū)別。盡管每個(gè)人的信仰程度無法用統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去衡量,西方凈土信仰已經(jīng)成為他們?nèi)粘Ｉ铙w驗(yàn)的重要組成要素,并逐漸成為其思想的一部分。一旦日常生活中的宗教體驗(yàn)反映到文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中,便極易使之帶有明顯的西方凈土烙痕。表現(xiàn)在詩歌中的一個(gè)方面就是出現(xiàn)了大量西方凈土意象,這使得唐詩顯示出比較獨(dú)特的凈土審美特色,提升了唐詩的境界,也強(qiáng)化了唐詩的藝術(shù)感染力。很多詩歌都表達(dá)出一種凈土禪觀之后所達(dá)到的空靈的覺悟,以及空曠、虛寂的意境,特別類似于凈土經(jīng)典中佛國凈土的描繪,及由此帶給人的審美感受。有關(guān)西方凈土的贊文及其它佛教宣唱文學(xué),數(shù)量可觀,應(yīng)用極廣,對(duì)唐代文壇有一定的影響。唐代文人關(guān)心佛教者大抵都有寫作佛偈、佛贊,歸心凈土者則創(chuàng)作了大量的西方變畫贊、繡像、造像贊。西方凈土信仰同樣也反映在唐代文人的碑塔銘文創(chuàng)作中,他們常借用凈土經(jīng)典中的語匯和表現(xiàn)手法來描繪寺院的環(huán)境,并在創(chuàng)作中表達(dá)著自己對(duì)凈土大德的崇敬及其凈土宗教觀。西方凈土信仰的盛行,不僅影響了唐人詩文創(chuàng)作,也推動(dòng)了佛教小說的發(fā)展。盛行并普及的念佛法門在唐代小說中有突出的表現(xiàn),西方凈土信仰自身的發(fā)展進(jìn)程和變化也被反映在小說創(chuàng)作中,如佛號(hào)的稱呼從“無量壽”到“阿彌陀”變化。受西方凈土信仰影響,唐代小說形成了鮮明的凈土理想國的文體模式,小說中對(duì)自然環(huán)境、社會(huì)環(huán)境及作品人物的刻畫與描寫,與凈土經(jīng)典的內(nèi)容及描述方式有高度的相似之處。唐代小說的這種寫作模式也從一個(gè)側(cè)面反映了唐人期望超離生死之苦、往生彼岸世界的凈土理想。
[Abstract]:In the Tang Dynasty, the superiority of the Western Pure Land belief as the ultimate belief was repeatedly explained and strengthened by the scholars of righteousness, generally recognized by the two sects of monks and customs, and enthusiastically worshipped by the commoners, and supported by the overwhelming majority of the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. Western Pure Land belief was also more common in this period, deeply influenced the thought and life of literati. Through extensive communication with various masters, the profound righteousness of Buddhism has been gradually accepted and grasped by them, and implanted into their world outlook, outlook on life and aesthetics. This kind of influence has been fully embodied in the content and form of literary creation, and Buddhism has become one of the important forces to promote the development of literature. The mentality of worshiping Buddhism in Tang Dynasty is quite complicated, and its acceptance of Western Pure Land belief is different in reason and way. Generally speaking, the scholars' belief in pure land in Tang Dynasty is a mixture of different, complex and changeable, which is different from the true Buddhists. Although each person's belief level cannot be measured by a unified standard, Western Pure Land belief has become an important component of their daily life experience and has gradually become a part of their thoughts. Once the religious experience in daily life is reflected in literary creation, it is easy to carry a clear Western Pure Land brand mark. One aspect of poetry is the emergence of a large number of Western pure land images, which makes Tang poetry show a relatively unique aesthetic characteristics of the pure land, enhance the realm of Tang poetry, but also strengthen the artistic appeal of Tang poetry. Many poems have expressed a kind of pure land Zen view to achieve the empty consciousness, as well as the empty, empty and silent artistic conception, especially similar to the Pure Land of the Buddha Kingdom in the Pure Land Classics, and bring people the aesthetic feeling. The praises of Western Pure Land and other Buddhist propaganda and singing literature have a considerable number and wide application, and have a certain influence on the literary circles of the Tang Dynasty. The scholars concerned about Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty were mostly composed of Buddhist verse, Buddha praise, and those who returned to the pure land of the heart created a large number of Western paintings, embroidered statues, statues and praises. Western Pure Land belief is also reflected in the Tang Dynasty literati's inscription of the monument, they often use the Pure Land Classical vocabulary and expression techniques to describe the temple environment, In the creation, he expresses his reverence for the great virtue of the Pure Land and his religious view of the Pure Land. The prevalence of Western Pure Land belief not only affected the creation of Tang poetry, but also promoted the development of Buddhist novels. The vogue and popularization of chanting Buddhism has a prominent expression in the novels of the Tang Dynasty, and the development process and changes of the Western Pure Land belief itself are also reflected in the novel creation, such as the change of the name of Buddha from "unlimited longevity" to "Amitabha". Influenced by the belief of the Western Pure Land, the novels of the Tang Dynasty formed the style pattern of the ideal country of the Pure Land, the depiction and description of the natural environment, the social environment and the characters of the works in the novels. There is a high similarity with the content and description of the Pure Land Classics. This writing mode of Tang Dynasty novels also reflects the Pure Land ideal of the world of the other shore from the expectation of the Tang people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I206.2;B948
[Abstract]:In the Tang Dynasty, the superiority of the Western Pure Land belief as the ultimate belief was repeatedly explained and strengthened by the scholars of righteousness, generally recognized by the two sects of monks and customs, and enthusiastically worshipped by the commoners, and supported by the overwhelming majority of the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. Western Pure Land belief was also more common in this period, deeply influenced the thought and life of literati. Through extensive communication with various masters, the profound righteousness of Buddhism has been gradually accepted and grasped by them, and implanted into their world outlook, outlook on life and aesthetics. This kind of influence has been fully embodied in the content and form of literary creation, and Buddhism has become one of the important forces to promote the development of literature. The mentality of worshiping Buddhism in Tang Dynasty is quite complicated, and its acceptance of Western Pure Land belief is different in reason and way. Generally speaking, the scholars' belief in pure land in Tang Dynasty is a mixture of different, complex and changeable, which is different from the true Buddhists. Although each person's belief level cannot be measured by a unified standard, Western Pure Land belief has become an important component of their daily life experience and has gradually become a part of their thoughts. Once the religious experience in daily life is reflected in literary creation, it is easy to carry a clear Western Pure Land brand mark. One aspect of poetry is the emergence of a large number of Western pure land images, which makes Tang poetry show a relatively unique aesthetic characteristics of the pure land, enhance the realm of Tang poetry, but also strengthen the artistic appeal of Tang poetry. Many poems have expressed a kind of pure land Zen view to achieve the empty consciousness, as well as the empty, empty and silent artistic conception, especially similar to the Pure Land of the Buddha Kingdom in the Pure Land Classics, and bring people the aesthetic feeling. The praises of Western Pure Land and other Buddhist propaganda and singing literature have a considerable number and wide application, and have a certain influence on the literary circles of the Tang Dynasty. The scholars concerned about Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty were mostly composed of Buddhist verse, Buddha praise, and those who returned to the pure land of the heart created a large number of Western paintings, embroidered statues, statues and praises. Western Pure Land belief is also reflected in the Tang Dynasty literati's inscription of the monument, they often use the Pure Land Classical vocabulary and expression techniques to describe the temple environment, In the creation, he expresses his reverence for the great virtue of the Pure Land and his religious view of the Pure Land. The prevalence of Western Pure Land belief not only affected the creation of Tang poetry, but also promoted the development of Buddhist novels. The vogue and popularization of chanting Buddhism has a prominent expression in the novels of the Tang Dynasty, and the development process and changes of the Western Pure Land belief itself are also reflected in the novel creation, such as the change of the name of Buddha from "unlimited longevity" to "Amitabha". Influenced by the belief of the Western Pure Land, the novels of the Tang Dynasty formed the style pattern of the ideal country of the Pure Land, the depiction and description of the natural environment, the social environment and the characters of the works in the novels. There is a high similarity with the content and description of the Pure Land Classics. This writing mode of Tang Dynasty novels also reflects the Pure Land ideal of the world of the other shore from the expectation of the Tang people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I206.2;B948
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 鄧小軍;陶淵明與廬山佛教之關(guān)系[J];中國文化;2001年Z1期
2 呂o，
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