民國(guó)時(shí)期東北漢族民間信仰研究（1912-1931）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-03 22:08
【摘要】：民間信仰作為傳統(tǒng)文化的一部分,是一定區(qū)域內(nèi)自然、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化的折射鏡。作為社會(huì)意識(shí)形態(tài)的一種表現(xiàn)形式,民國(guó)時(shí)期東北地區(qū)漢族的民間信仰反映了當(dāng)時(shí)東北地區(qū)的自然資源、政治狀況、經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)、民族特點(diǎn)以及宗教狀況。本文以民國(guó)東北地區(qū)漢族民間信仰為研究對(duì)象重點(diǎn)考察了國(guó)民政府對(duì)東北地區(qū)漢族民間信仰的管控,以及漢族民間信仰如何調(diào)整自身以應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)體的變更和西方文化的沖擊。通過對(duì)民間信仰的界定,本文認(rèn)為民國(guó)時(shí)期漢族的民間信仰既有盲目迷信的內(nèi)容,又有傳統(tǒng)俗信的成份,它不同于有組織,有戒律的制度型宗教,它像分子一樣彌散在漢族民眾日常生活的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中。從歲時(shí)節(jié)慶到婚喪嫁娶,從生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)到消費(fèi)娛樂,漢族民眾都以各種形式的祈福禳災(zāi)活動(dòng),對(duì)生活施加影響,以求達(dá)到趨吉避禍的美好愿望。在這些民間信仰活動(dòng)中,有些是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗信仰的繼承,而有些則因其盲目的迷信對(duì)漢族民眾的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成了威脅。伴隨著民國(guó)時(shí)期共和國(guó)體的建立,科學(xué)和民主稱為社會(huì)文化宣傳的主流呼聲。而民間信仰因其在形式上與迷信界限的模糊而被冠以“愚昧”和“迷信”稱號(hào),成為新文化精英批判和政府管理的重要對(duì)像。國(guó)民政府利用東北地方政府的力量運(yùn)用了法律、教育、改良、行政等多種手段對(duì)東北漢族民間信仰實(shí)施管控。在管控的過程中,東北地方政府出于地方利益對(duì)漢族民間信仰的不同內(nèi)容分別采取了禁止、取締、利用或支持的多種方式,加之地方官員在政令執(zhí)行中的消極和混亂,造成了國(guó)民政府對(duì)東北漢族民間信仰管控成效甚微的局面。東北漢族民間信仰是東北地區(qū)漢族移民與原始土著民族文化融合的產(chǎn)物,它既源于關(guān)內(nèi)的民間信仰又吸收了滿族和薩滿教的文化內(nèi)容,具有自身的特殊性。在民國(guó)時(shí)期的東北社會(huì)中,民間信仰在加強(qiáng)社會(huì)教化、穩(wěn)定社會(huì)心理、促進(jìn)社區(qū)整合、繁榮社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、豐富社會(huì)文化方面有著不可替代的作用,但是也必須承認(rèn),倘若民間信仰發(fā)展到盲目崇拜或狂熱迷信的程度時(shí)便會(huì)被別有用心之人所利用,進(jìn)而對(duì)民眾的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)、對(duì)社區(qū)的治安環(huán)境甚至社會(huì)的安定團(tuán)結(jié)造成威脅。以史為鑒,清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)和了解民間信仰在東北地區(qū)的社會(huì)發(fā)展中的作用,努力地消除和避免其消極成份的危險(xiǎn),正確的引導(dǎo),積極的保護(hù),讓民族文化的生命之花常開不敗才是本文研究的最終目的。
[Abstract]:As a part of traditional culture, folk belief is the mirror of nature, economy, politics and culture in certain region. As a form of social ideology, the folk beliefs of the Han nationality in Northeast China reflected the natural resources, political situation, economic situation, national characteristics and religious status of the Northeast region at that time. This paper focuses on the study of Han folk beliefs in the Northeast of the Republic of China and how the national government controls the folk beliefs of the Han nationality in Northeast China, and how the folk beliefs of the Han nationality adjust themselves to cope with the changes of the national system and the impact of western culture. Through the definition of folk belief, this paper holds that the folk belief of Han nationality in the period of the Republic of China has not only the content of blind superstition, but also the component of traditional popular belief, which is different from the systematic religion of organized and disciplined. It diffuses like a molecule in every aspect of the daily life of the Han people. From the age of festival to marriage and funeral, from production and management to consumption and entertainment, the Han people all exert influence on their life with various forms of praying for disaster, in order to achieve the good wish of seeking good fortune and avoiding disaster. Some of these folk beliefs are inherited from traditional customs and beliefs, while others threaten the lives and property of Han people because of their blind superstitions. With the establishment of the Republic of China, science and democracy is the mainstream voice of social and cultural propaganda. However, folk beliefs are called "ignorance" and "superstition" because of their blur in form and superstition, which has become an important target for the criticism of the new cultural elite and the administration of the government. The national government used the power of northeast local government to control the folk beliefs of Han nationality in Northeast China by law, education, improvement, administration and so on. In the process of control and control, local governments in Northeast China, out of local interests, have adopted various ways to prohibit, ban, use or support the different contents of Han people's folk beliefs, in addition to the negativity and confusion of local officials in the execution of government orders. Caused the national government to the Northeast Han folk belief control and control of the situation of little effect. The folk belief of the Han nationality in Northeast China is the product of the integration of the cultures of the Han immigrants and the primitive indigenous peoples in Northeast China. It not only derives from the folk beliefs in Guanai, but also absorbs the cultural contents of Manchu and Shamanism, and has its own particularity. In the northeast society of the Republic of China, folk beliefs played an irreplaceable role in strengthening social education, stabilizing social psychology, promoting community integration, prospering social economy and enriching social culture. If the folk belief develops to the degree of blind worship or fanatical superstition, it will be used by the people with ulterior motives, which will threaten the people's life and property, the public security environment and even the social stability and unity. Learn from history, clearly understand and understand the role of folk faith in the social development of the Northeast region, strive to eliminate and avoid the danger of its negative elements, guide correctly, and actively protect, The ultimate purpose of this paper is to keep the national culture in bloom.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K258;B933
，
本文編號(hào)：2163137
[Abstract]:As a part of traditional culture, folk belief is the mirror of nature, economy, politics and culture in certain region. As a form of social ideology, the folk beliefs of the Han nationality in Northeast China reflected the natural resources, political situation, economic situation, national characteristics and religious status of the Northeast region at that time. This paper focuses on the study of Han folk beliefs in the Northeast of the Republic of China and how the national government controls the folk beliefs of the Han nationality in Northeast China, and how the folk beliefs of the Han nationality adjust themselves to cope with the changes of the national system and the impact of western culture. Through the definition of folk belief, this paper holds that the folk belief of Han nationality in the period of the Republic of China has not only the content of blind superstition, but also the component of traditional popular belief, which is different from the systematic religion of organized and disciplined. It diffuses like a molecule in every aspect of the daily life of the Han people. From the age of festival to marriage and funeral, from production and management to consumption and entertainment, the Han people all exert influence on their life with various forms of praying for disaster, in order to achieve the good wish of seeking good fortune and avoiding disaster. Some of these folk beliefs are inherited from traditional customs and beliefs, while others threaten the lives and property of Han people because of their blind superstitions. With the establishment of the Republic of China, science and democracy is the mainstream voice of social and cultural propaganda. However, folk beliefs are called "ignorance" and "superstition" because of their blur in form and superstition, which has become an important target for the criticism of the new cultural elite and the administration of the government. The national government used the power of northeast local government to control the folk beliefs of Han nationality in Northeast China by law, education, improvement, administration and so on. In the process of control and control, local governments in Northeast China, out of local interests, have adopted various ways to prohibit, ban, use or support the different contents of Han people's folk beliefs, in addition to the negativity and confusion of local officials in the execution of government orders. Caused the national government to the Northeast Han folk belief control and control of the situation of little effect. The folk belief of the Han nationality in Northeast China is the product of the integration of the cultures of the Han immigrants and the primitive indigenous peoples in Northeast China. It not only derives from the folk beliefs in Guanai, but also absorbs the cultural contents of Manchu and Shamanism, and has its own particularity. In the northeast society of the Republic of China, folk beliefs played an irreplaceable role in strengthening social education, stabilizing social psychology, promoting community integration, prospering social economy and enriching social culture. If the folk belief develops to the degree of blind worship or fanatical superstition, it will be used by the people with ulterior motives, which will threaten the people's life and property, the public security environment and even the social stability and unity. Learn from history, clearly understand and understand the role of folk faith in the social development of the Northeast region, strive to eliminate and avoid the danger of its negative elements, guide correctly, and actively protect, The ultimate purpose of this paper is to keep the national culture in bloom.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K258;B933
，
本文編號(hào)：2163137
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