對雜糅性日本稻荷信仰的跨學(xué)科研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-17 07:13
【摘要】：日本社會一方面表現(xiàn)出其高度現(xiàn)代化、城市化、信息化、高科技化、流行化,另一方面又潛存著對傳統(tǒng)文化的執(zhí)著。而這種看似“矛盾”的存在實際上恰恰符合日本人的國民性。神社與日本民眾的成長儀禮、農(nóng)事勞作、歲時節(jié)日都有著密不可分的關(guān)系,民間信仰作為民眾思想的體現(xiàn),是了解一國、一民族、一地思想文化的一面鏡子。 稻荷信仰是日本民族最普遍、最樸素的代表性民間信仰之一,其信者遍及日本全國,至今仍在影響著日本人的日常生活和價值取向。稻荷信仰發(fā)源于原始宗教的自然崇拜、祖先崇拜,在其發(fā)展過程中又和神道教和佛教等人為宗教相習(xí)和,是雜糅性的綜合信仰。一方面,稻荷神的本體是狐,來源于農(nóng)耕社會的山神、田神信仰,又融合了佛教中“三天和合”的福神信仰,寄托了人們對豐收、幸福的美好祈愿。另一方面,本就行為詭異的狐,再加上佛教真言密宗的荼吉尼天信仰,稻荷神又表現(xiàn)出亦正亦邪、善惡不分、以怨抱怨,睚眥必報,略帶惡意甚至有點邪惡的宗教性格,從中也許可以管窺到日本民眾的精神世界和心靈家園。 據(jù)日本史書記載稻荷神是魏國的大臣,稻荷名稱起源于秦始皇后代秦氏祭祖的傳說,受到中國陰陽五行學(xué)說的影響,和我國民間的狐仙信仰密切關(guān)聯(lián),但是國內(nèi)對日本稻荷信仰的系統(tǒng)性研究很少,甚至連譯介類、知識普及類文章也不多見。日本對稻荷信仰的研究成果豐碩,但是不同學(xué)科的側(cè)重點不同,切入方式不同。宗教學(xué)從佛教、神道體系入手,著重于對神像性格、宗教參與的分析；歷史學(xué)從文獻史料入手,對起源依據(jù)、傳播過程、祭祀節(jié)日希望給出明確的考證；民俗學(xué)則多通過實地考察、多樣的個案,旨在闡釋稻荷與民眾生活間的聯(lián)系、民眾精神世界中的稻荷實態(tài)。本文首先對二戰(zhàn)后稻荷研究中代表性的著述按照其所屬學(xué)派、論文發(fā)表的先后順序進行綜合述評,列舉其主要觀點,理清內(nèi)在的邏輯傳承關(guān)系,然后再嘗試著打破學(xué)派的界線和原有的內(nèi)容體系,選取其共同關(guān)心的主要課題,歸納為稻荷信仰的起源、宗教化習(xí)和、稻荷信仰的本體和具象、稻荷信仰和生活世界四條主線,對二戰(zhàn)后日本稻荷信仰研究的主要理論、方法、成果進行系統(tǒng)的、扼要的梳理,以期能對國內(nèi)有識者對日本稻荷信仰的理解和研究起到一點補充、參考、啟發(fā)的作用。
[Abstract]:On the one hand, Japanese society shows its high degree of modernization, urbanization, information, high technology, popular, on the other hand, there is a persistence of traditional culture. But this kind of seemingly "contradictory" existence actually exactly accords with the Japanese national character. The shrine is closely related to the growth ceremony of the Japanese people, the farming work, and the festivals when they are old. As a reflection of the people's thought, folk belief is a mirror of understanding a country, a nation, and a place's ideology and culture. Rice-Dutch belief is one of the most common and simple folk beliefs in Japan. Its believers are all over the country and still affect the daily life and value orientation of Japanese people. The belief of Orchid originated from the natural worship of primitive religion, ancestor worship, and in its development process with Shinto, Buddhism and other people for the religious harmony, is a hybrid of the comprehensive beliefs. On the one hand, the Noumenon of the god of rice is fox, which comes from the mountain god and the belief of the god of farmland in the farming society. It also integrates the belief of "three days and harmony" in Buddhism, and assigns people's good wishes for harvest and happiness. On the other hand, with the strange behavior of foxes, coupled with the Buddhist faith in the true words of the Tantra Rakinidan, the God of Rice also shows a religious character of good and evil, without distinction between good and evil, complaining, vindictive, slightly malevolent or even a little evil. It may be possible to see the spiritual world and spiritual homeland of the Japanese people. According to the Japanese history books, the god of rice lotus is the minister of Wei. The name of rice lotus originated from the legend of Qin's ancestor worship of Qin Shihuang descendant. It was influenced by the theory of the five elements of yin and yang in China and was closely related to the folk belief of fox immortals in our country. However, there are few systematic studies on the belief of Japanese rice and Dutch in China, even translation and introduction, knowledge popularization are rare. The research on the belief of rice and Dutch in Japan is fruitful, but the emphasis of different disciplines is different and the way of entry is different. The religious education starts with Buddhism, Shinto system, focusing on the analysis of the character of the gods and religious participation, the history from the historical materials, the origin of the basis, the dissemination process, the hope of sacrificial festivals to give a clear textual research; Folklore mainly through field visits, a variety of cases, aimed at explaining the relationship between rice and people's life, the reality of rice in the people's spiritual world. In this paper, the representative works in the study of rice and lotus after World War II are reviewed comprehensively according to their school of thought, the order in which the papers are published, their main viewpoints are listed, and the inherent logical inheritance relationship is clarified. Then try to break the boundaries of the school and the original content system, select its common concern of the main topics, summed up into the origin of the belief in rice, religious practice and, the Noumenon and embodiment of the belief, the belief in rice and the world of life four main lines. The main theories, methods and achievements of the research on the belief of rice and Dutch in Japan after World War II are systematically and concisely combed in order to supplement, reference and enlighten the understanding and study of the belief of the Japanese rice and Dutch in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：B933;K893.13
[Abstract]:On the one hand, Japanese society shows its high degree of modernization, urbanization, information, high technology, popular, on the other hand, there is a persistence of traditional culture. But this kind of seemingly "contradictory" existence actually exactly accords with the Japanese national character. The shrine is closely related to the growth ceremony of the Japanese people, the farming work, and the festivals when they are old. As a reflection of the people's thought, folk belief is a mirror of understanding a country, a nation, and a place's ideology and culture. Rice-Dutch belief is one of the most common and simple folk beliefs in Japan. Its believers are all over the country and still affect the daily life and value orientation of Japanese people. The belief of Orchid originated from the natural worship of primitive religion, ancestor worship, and in its development process with Shinto, Buddhism and other people for the religious harmony, is a hybrid of the comprehensive beliefs. On the one hand, the Noumenon of the god of rice is fox, which comes from the mountain god and the belief of the god of farmland in the farming society. It also integrates the belief of "three days and harmony" in Buddhism, and assigns people's good wishes for harvest and happiness. On the other hand, with the strange behavior of foxes, coupled with the Buddhist faith in the true words of the Tantra Rakinidan, the God of Rice also shows a religious character of good and evil, without distinction between good and evil, complaining, vindictive, slightly malevolent or even a little evil. It may be possible to see the spiritual world and spiritual homeland of the Japanese people. According to the Japanese history books, the god of rice lotus is the minister of Wei. The name of rice lotus originated from the legend of Qin's ancestor worship of Qin Shihuang descendant. It was influenced by the theory of the five elements of yin and yang in China and was closely related to the folk belief of fox immortals in our country. However, there are few systematic studies on the belief of Japanese rice and Dutch in China, even translation and introduction, knowledge popularization are rare. The research on the belief of rice and Dutch in Japan is fruitful, but the emphasis of different disciplines is different and the way of entry is different. The religious education starts with Buddhism, Shinto system, focusing on the analysis of the character of the gods and religious participation, the history from the historical materials, the origin of the basis, the dissemination process, the hope of sacrificial festivals to give a clear textual research; Folklore mainly through field visits, a variety of cases, aimed at explaining the relationship between rice and people's life, the reality of rice in the people's spiritual world. In this paper, the representative works in the study of rice and lotus after World War II are reviewed comprehensively according to their school of thought, the order in which the papers are published, their main viewpoints are listed, and the inherent logical inheritance relationship is clarified. Then try to break the boundaries of the school and the original content system, select its common concern of the main topics, summed up into the origin of the belief in rice, religious practice and, the Noumenon and embodiment of the belief, the belief in rice and the world of life four main lines. The main theories, methods and achievements of the research on the belief of rice and Dutch in Japan after World War II are systematically and concisely combed in order to supplement, reference and enlighten the understanding and study of the belief of the Japanese rice and Dutch in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：B933;K893.13
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