本文選題：佛教 + 宗教復興�。� 參考：《華東師范大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放后,中國宗教進入復興階段。其中特別是佛教進入蓬勃發(fā)展時期,這主要體現(xiàn)在寺院數(shù)量的飛速增長上。筆者將使用人類學定性方法切入,試圖以“南天佛國”之稱的浙江省會城市杭州城鄉(xiāng)結合部的佛教N寺為例,在一定程度上回答宗教復興的大背景中為何佛教如此興盛。本文在儀式化(ritualization)的概念下對寺院的所有活動進行剖析,考察了信眾的日常生活、寺院儀式、寺院的財政狀況以及政教關系,最終發(fā)現(xiàn)寺院內的所有活動是一種表演的產(chǎn)物。這種產(chǎn)物能夠滿足國家監(jiān)管、寺院收入以及信眾需求的三方利益。另外通過描述個人、組織與國家三者之間的動態(tài)關系,也勾勒出有關中國現(xiàn)代性大背景下的特征。其中作為地方能動力的新宗教運動也是中國個體化發(fā)展的側影,這種個體化與閻云翔研究的新生代農(nóng)民工不同的是筆者個案中大部分都是城市里的年輕人。這表明,現(xiàn)代中國的城鄉(xiāng)二元制度構成了中國特色現(xiàn)代性的最關鍵因素。另外,新宗教運動依附于佛教寺院的發(fā)展也體現(xiàn)出中國社會個體化機制的不健全。論文主要分為五章,第一章是導論部分,介紹改革開放后佛教復興大背景下,宗教社會學研究的主要成果,發(fā)現(xiàn)從個體、組織、國家的定性角度出發(fā)對于佛教復興的研究比較少。為了彌補這一空白,筆者將運用人類學對儀式、儀式化、表演等理論框架對六個月的田野材料進行分析；第二章是佛教制度歷史沿革敘述,從歷史沿革的角度追溯佛教的傳入、中國歷朝歷代對佛教的政策,包括寺院經(jīng)濟史以及政教關系史；第三章是寺院民族志部分,主要描述義工組織、老年居士林的生活,以及信眾們是如何把信仰生活跟佛教寺院聯(lián)系起來；第四章是分析部分,將理論框架與田野志聯(lián)系起來,從表演的角度對儀式化、新宗教運動以及能動與結構的探討；第五章是結論與反思部分,得出寺院的儀式、儀式化活動是具有表演性質的活動,這種活動以寺院為舞臺,政府規(guī)定為劇本大綱,以僧人為策劃主導者,信眾為參與者。在整個過程中,政府整合了信眾的精神需求,僧人得到了收入維持生計,信眾則確信自己獲得了福報,實現(xiàn)了自我認同。正是由于三方的滿意,能夠回答前文佛教在宗教復興中為什么尤其興盛的問題。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, Chinese religion entered the stage of revival. Buddhism, in particular, entered a period of vigorous development, which was mainly reflected in the rapid growth in the number of monasteries. By using the qualitative method of anthropology, the author tries to take the Buddhist N Temple in Hangzhou, the provincial capital city of Zhejiang Province, as an example, to answer to a certain extent why Buddhism is so prosperous in the background of religious revival. Under the concept of ritualization, this paper analyzes all the activities of the monastery, investigates the daily life of the believers, the ritual of the temple, the financial situation of the temple and the relationship between the state and the religion, and finally finds that all the activities in the temple are the product of a kind of performance. This product can satisfy the tripartite interests of state supervision, monastery income and the needs of believers. In addition, by describing the dynamic relations among individuals, organizations and countries, the characteristics of Chinese modernity are outlined. The new religious movement, which is the driving force of local energy, is also the silhouette of the individualized development of China. This individualization is different from the new generation of migrant workers studied by Yan Yunxiang in that most of the cases are young people in the city. This indicates that the dual system of urban and rural areas in modern China constitutes the most critical factor of modernity with Chinese characteristics. In addition, the development of new religious movement attached to Buddhist monasteries also reflects the imperfection of individualized mechanism in Chinese society. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the main achievements of religious sociology research under the background of Buddhism revival after reform and opening up. From the qualitative point of view of the country, there is little research on the revival of Buddhism. In order to fill this gap, the author will use anthropology to analyze the field materials of six months in the theoretical framework of ceremony, ritualization, performance, etc. The second chapter is the historical history of the Buddhist system, tracing back to the introduction of Buddhism from the perspective of historical evolution. China's successive dynasties' Buddhist policies, including the history of the economic history of monasteries and the history of political and religious relations; the third chapter is the ethnography of monasteries, which mainly describes the life of volunteer organizations and the elderly people in Jushilin. The fourth chapter is the analysis part, which links the theoretical framework with the field chronicles, and discusses the ritualization, the new religious movement and the dynamic and structure from the point of view of performance. The fifth chapter is the conclusion and reflection part, draw the ceremony of the temple, ritualized activity is the activity with the performance nature, this kind of activity takes the temple as the stage, the government prescribes as the script outline, takes the monk as the planning leader, the believers as the participant. In the whole process, the government integrated the spiritual needs of the followers, the monks received income to support their livelihood, and the believers were convinced that they had been blessed and realized their self-identity. Thanks to the satisfaction of the three parties, it is possible to answer the question of why Buddhism flourished in the revival of religion.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：B948

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