本文選題：《欽定滿洲祭神祭天典禮》 + 薩滿教　； 參考：《世界宗教文化》2016年02期

【摘要】：《欽定滿洲祭神祭天典禮》是唯一一部由官方主持編修的薩滿教典籍,歷來受學(xué)界重視。傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為清廷將此部典籍頒行民間,對滿族薩滿教進(jìn)行了自上而下的規(guī)范,導(dǎo)致野祭衰退和家祭趨同。美國"新清史"學(xué)者亦援引此說,認(rèn)為清廷借其對滿族甚至北方諸少數(shù)民族進(jìn)行了族群建構(gòu)。然而,分析文本內(nèi)容、考證版本流布表明,清廷無意于規(guī)范民間薩滿教,也并未強(qiáng)制推行全國。野祭衰退源于皇太極時(shí)期的禁令,家祭儀式早于《典禮》之前就已形成,直至清末未曾劃一。清代統(tǒng)治者對于滿族內(nèi)部文化差異,采取了順其自然的態(tài)度,沒有規(guī)范統(tǒng)一的必要。漢文本《典禮》編入四庫全書,體現(xiàn)了統(tǒng)治者提升文化"正統(tǒng)"的心理。
[Abstract]:Qinding Manchu worship ceremony is the only Shamanism masterpiece edited by the official, which has always been attached importance to by academic circles. The traditional view is that the Qing Dynasty promulgated this book to the people and regulated the Manchu shamanism from top to bottom, which led to the decline of the wild sacrifices and the convergence of the family sacrifices. American "New Qing History" scholars also cited the theory that the Qing Dynasty used it to construct the ethnic groups of Manchu and even the northern minorities. However, the analysis of the text and textual research shows that the Qing Dynasty had no intention of regulating the folk shamanism, nor did it enforce the whole country. The decline of wild sacrifices originated from the ban of Huangtai-chi period, and the ritual of home sacrifice was formed before the ceremony, until the end of Qing Dynasty was not uniform. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty adopted a natural attitude towards the cultural differences of the Manchu nationality, and there was no need to standardize and unify them. The Chinese text ceremony was compiled into the Siku book, which reflected the rulers' mentality of promoting cultural orthodoxy.
【作者單位】： 吉林師范大學(xué);
【基金】：教育部人文社會科學(xué)研究青年基金項(xiàng)目“清代滿族薩滿教演變及影響研究”(11YJCZH074)階段性成果
【分類號】：B933
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本文編號：1896946