本文選題：馬克思主義哲學(xué)　切入點(diǎn)：宗教信仰　出處：《延安大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自改革開放之后,國(guó)內(nèi)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平得到了高速發(fā)展,中國(guó)人的生活理念、思維方法、世界觀與價(jià)值觀都發(fā)生了重大的改變,整個(gè)社會(huì)都加入了物質(zhì)文明建設(shè)與個(gè)人財(cái)富積累的浪潮之中,中國(guó)人的對(duì)金錢的渴望從未得以如此直白的展現(xiàn),“有錢”已經(jīng)成為了彰顯個(gè)人成功與身份的主要體現(xiàn)方式。在我國(guó)雖然在經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)方面取得了舉世矚目的成就的同時(shí),人們對(duì)金錢過度的追求也意味著人對(duì)物的依賴性,正如馬克思所指出的“現(xiàn)代人的獨(dú)立性是以對(duì)物的依賴性為基礎(chǔ)的人的獨(dú)立性,人由過去對(duì)他人的依賴改變成為對(duì)物質(zhì)的依賴,人被異化了”[1]。對(duì)金錢與物質(zhì)瘋狂的追求,致使人們?cè)诂F(xiàn)實(shí)世界中迷失了自我。人們失去了人類所追求的另一個(gè)層面,即精神信仰的層面。信仰缺失或者說精神空虛這一問題給整個(gè)社會(huì)帶來了巨大的沖擊,不斷刷新人們對(duì)事物傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)知的底線。從道德層面來講,整個(gè)社會(huì)的道德水平整體下降是一個(gè)不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí),中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德未能得以發(fā)揚(yáng),尊老愛幼難以得到體現(xiàn),各種贍養(yǎng)糾紛案件、殘害婦女兒童案件等事件時(shí)有發(fā)生,堪稱“禮樂崩壞”。從社會(huì)層面的角度來看,中國(guó)青年的犯罪率逐年上升,黃賭毒問題的日益加劇,辱母案、山西腐敗窩案、電信詐騙案等類似案件,蔓延于整個(gè)社會(huì)的問題挑戰(zhàn)著全國(guó)人民的道德底線。就精神層而言,普遍性的精神空虛、自我存在感的喪失日益加重了信仰缺失問題的影響范圍,高發(fā)病率的精神類疾病、心理扭曲、心理畸形與自殺現(xiàn)象日益頻繁。以上問題都集中表明了當(dāng)代社會(huì)人們精神層面空虛的問題,其主要產(chǎn)生原因是因?yàn)榫裥叛鰧用娴娜笔?人們找不到自我的人生意義與存在價(jià)值。習(xí)近平同志談到:“人民有信仰,民族有希望,國(guó)家有力量”[2]。本文中作者首先對(duì)宗教的起源及宗教產(chǎn)生物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行哲學(xué)解讀,接著闡明馬克思主義的宗教觀,證明馬克思否定宗教的目的不是為了消滅宗教,而是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)人類的自由和解放,繼而說明宗教信仰存在并將產(chǎn)期存在下去,是社會(huì)主義信仰體系的重要補(bǔ)充;接下來,作者通過對(duì)宗教、信仰與哲學(xué)三者之間聯(lián)系與區(qū)別的分析,證明三者的目的統(tǒng)一,均具有“終極關(guān)懷的屬性”;再次,宗教信仰因其本質(zhì)的唯心,故而具有的超越理性的特點(diǎn),同時(shí)宗教信仰可以滿足人生三大基本精神需求、可以在一定程度上凝聚力量、提高道德水平、促進(jìn)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定;文章最后說明如何正確的認(rèn)識(shí)宗教,首先說明我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的宗教政策,其次應(yīng)當(dāng)區(qū)別宗教與迷信、再次辨別正教與邪教、最后說明宗教不受國(guó)外勢(shì)力支配。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the social and economic level of the country has developed at a high speed. The Chinese people's concept of life, thinking methods, world outlook and values have all undergone major changes. The whole society has joined the tide of material civilization construction and personal wealth accumulation. The Chinese people's desire for money has never been so plainly demonstrated. "having money" has become the main manifestation of personal success and identity. While our country has made remarkable achievements in economic construction, People's excessive pursuit of money also means that people are dependent on things. As Marx pointed out, "the independence of modern people is the independence of people based on their dependence on things." People have changed from dependence on others to material dependence, and they have been alienated. "[1]. The crazy pursuit of money and material causes people to lose themselves in the real world. That is, the level of spiritual belief. The lack of belief or spiritual emptiness has brought great impact to the whole society, constantly refreshing the bottom line of people's traditional cognition of things. It is an indisputable fact that the overall moral level of the whole society has declined. The traditional virtues of the Chinese nation have not been carried forward, it is difficult to show respect for the elderly and love the young, and various cases of maintenance disputes and cases of maiming women and children occur from time to time. From a social point of view, the crime rate of Chinese youth has increased year by year, the problem of pornography, gambling and drugs has become increasingly serious, the case of insulting their mother, the corruption case in Shanxi Province, the case of telecom fraud, and so on. As far as the spiritual level is concerned, the universal spiritual emptiness and the loss of a sense of self-existence increasingly aggravate the scope of the problem of lack of belief, the high incidence of mental diseases, Psychological distortion, mental malformation and suicide are more and more frequent. The above problems all show the emptiness of people's spiritual level in contemporary society, and the main reason is the lack of spiritual belief. People can not find their own meaning in life and existence value. Comrade Xi Jinping said: "the people have faith, the nation has hope, and the country has power" [2]. In this article, the author first makes a philosophical interpretation of the origin of religion and the material basis of religion. Then it explains the religious view of Marxism, proves that Marx's purpose of denying religion is not to destroy religion, but to realize the freedom and liberation of human beings, and then to explain the existence of religious belief and the existence of birth period. It is an important supplement to the socialist belief system. Then, through the analysis of the relationship and difference among religion, belief and philosophy, the author proves that the purpose of the three is unified and all of them have the attribute of "ultimate care". Religious belief has the characteristic of transcending rationality because of its essence idealism. At the same time, religious belief can satisfy the three basic spiritual needs of life, can gather strength to a certain extent, improve moral level and promote social stability. In the end, the paper explains how to understand religion correctly, first of all, the current religious policy of our country, secondly, we should distinguish between religion and superstition, distinguish between orthodox religion and cults again, and finally explain that religion is not controlled by foreign forces.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B920

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