本文關(guān)鍵詞： 二仙信仰 二仙廟 建筑 美術(shù)　出處：《四川師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：山西省晉城市位于山西省東南隅,太行山脈之上,具有悠久的歷史、深厚的文化積淀和濃厚的宗教信仰氛圍。在宋元時(shí)期,道教教徒為了更好地傳播道教,擴(kuò)大道教的影響力,在傳教的過(guò)程中不斷與民間宗教進(jìn)行角力與融合,最終在晉東南地區(qū)形成了獨(dú)具特色的“二仙信仰”。二仙即為“樂(lè)氏二女”,當(dāng)?shù)孛癖娏?xí)慣稱之為“二仙奶奶”,晉東南地區(qū)民眾于晚唐時(shí)期開(kāi)始信仰。“二仙”屬于晉東南地區(qū)的地域性民間崇拜之神,也是道教與民間宗教不斷角力與融合的成果。北宋時(shí)期,統(tǒng)治者大力扶植信仰道教,歷代皇帝都對(duì)道教有著特殊的嗜好與追求,這種嗜好與追求在北宋末期宋徽宗時(shí)發(fā)展到了十分奢靡的階段,二仙信仰由此在晉東南地區(qū)迅速發(fā)展,并得到統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的認(rèn)同,被敕封為“沖惠”、“沖淑”二真人,廟號(hào)為“真澤”。在這一時(shí)期,二仙信仰發(fā)展到了頂峰,逐步形成一套比較完整的信仰體系,晉東南民眾也在各地大量興建廟宇行宮,具有濃郁的地方文化特點(diǎn)。道士以及道教信徒還通過(guò)重塑二仙形象、賜封道教名號(hào)、推行道教儀式等手段影響著二仙信仰。在此背景下形成的二仙信仰,吸收了道教的部分教義,但其中也含有當(dāng)?shù)氐拿耖g故事、傳說(shuō)與風(fēng)俗等方面,所以具有濃厚的地方特點(diǎn),與二仙信仰相關(guān)的建筑、壁畫(huà)、民間文學(xué)等各個(gè)方面均可表現(xiàn)出當(dāng)?shù)氐牡赜蛎缹W(xué)特點(diǎn)。在當(dāng)?shù)孛癖娭小岸伞钡男磐缴醵?廟會(huì)盛行,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,我們?nèi)匀豢梢钥吹蕉杉漓氲氖r。本文將以山西晉城的二仙信仰為切入點(diǎn),把相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)歷史、建筑、線刻壁畫(huà)、戲臺(tái)、民間文學(xué)作為研究對(duì)象。前期進(jìn)行歷史文獻(xiàn)資料的梳理和匯總工作,之后進(jìn)行了大量的田野調(diào)查,將晉城市轄區(qū)內(nèi)的所有二仙廟宇進(jìn)行了分類整理,篩選其中有研究?jī)r(jià)值的建筑、壁畫(huà)等資料。本文的緒論由三大部分組成,為二仙信仰的研究現(xiàn)狀、研究意義及研究思路、方法及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。正文由三大章節(jié)組成,第一章為山西晉城二仙信仰及二仙廟宇概況,從現(xiàn)存的二仙廟宇入手,深入發(fā)掘二仙信仰的產(chǎn)生、產(chǎn)生原因以及在時(shí)間長(zhǎng)河中的流變;第二章主要論述了二仙廟宇的建筑美學(xué)特色。首先梳理現(xiàn)存的二仙廟宇及分布,再?gòu)钠渲羞x取了三個(gè)具有研究?jī)r(jià)值的廟宇特色,分別是西溪二仙廟崇尚自然的環(huán)境審美、西溪二仙廟梳妝樓的對(duì)稱和諧之美和小南村二仙廟“天宮樓閣”的意境美;第三章為二仙廟宇繪畫(huà)及造像的美學(xué)特征,同樣選取了三處具有研究意義和地域代表性的作品,分別是《宋金對(duì)戲圖》和《金人巾舞圖》的線刻美學(xué)特色、西里門(mén)二仙宮磚雕須彌座神臺(tái)、南神頭二仙廟壁畫(huà)和小南村二仙廟宋塑樂(lè)氏二女神像的神態(tài)美,各有千秋;之后是附錄部分,主要闡釋以“二仙”為核心的晉城民間審美生活,通過(guò)以上種種,突出晉城地區(qū)的地域美學(xué)特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Jincheng City in Shanxi Province is located in the southeast corner of Shanxi Province, above the Taihang Mountains. It has a long history, deep cultural accumulation and a strong religious atmosphere. In the Song and Yuan dynasties, Taoists expanded the influence of Taoism in order to better spread Taoism. In the process of missionary, there was a constant struggle and integration with the folk religion. Finally, a unique "Erxian belief" was formed in Southeast Shanxi. The Erxian was called "the second daughter of Le", and the local people used to call it "Erxian Grandma". The people of Southeast Shanxi began to believe in "Erxian" in the late Tang Dynasty. "Erxian" belongs to Jin Dynasty. The regional folk worship of the gods in Southeast China, It was also the result of the constant struggle and integration between Taoism and folk religion. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the rulers strongly supported the belief in Taoism, and successive emperors had a special hobby and pursuit of Taoism. This kind of hobby and pursuit developed to a very extravagant stage in the Song Huizong in the late Northern Song Dynasty. As a result, the belief of the two immortals developed rapidly in Southeast Shanxi and was recognized by the ruling class as "Chong Hui" and "Chong Shu" two real people. The temple name is "Zhenze." during this period, the belief of Erxian reached its peak and gradually formed a relatively complete belief system. The people of Southeast Shanxi also built a large number of temples in various places. Taoists and Taoists also influence the belief of the two immortals by reshaping the image of the two immortals, giving them a Taoist name, and carrying out Taoist rituals. Absorbing some of the teachings of Taoism, but it also contains local folk stories, legends and customs, so it has strong local characteristics, buildings and murals related to the belief of the two faiths. Folk literature and other aspects can all show the characteristics of local regional aesthetics. There are many followers of the "Erxian" among the local people, and temple fairs prevail and continue to this day. We can still see the grand occasion of the sacrifice of Erxian. This article will take the belief of Erxian in Jincheng, Shanxi Province as the breakthrough point, and put the relevant literature, history, architecture, line murals, stage, etc. Folklore as the object of study. In the early stage, historical literature materials were combed and collected, then a large number of field surveys were carried out, and all the second fairy temples in Jincheng district were sorted out. The introduction of this paper is composed of three parts, which are the research status, research significance, research ideas, methods and innovative points of the belief of Erxian. The text is composed of three chapters. The first chapter is the Shanxi Jincheng two immortals faith and the two immortals temple general situation, from the extant second fairy temple, deeply excavates the two immortals faith the origin, the origin as well as the change in the time long river; The second chapter mainly discusses the architectural aesthetic characteristics of Erxian Temple. Firstly, it combs the existing Erxian Temple and its distribution, and then selects three temple characteristics with research value, namely, Xixi Erxian Temple advocates natural environmental aesthetics. The beauty of symmetry and harmony in the dressing building of the Erxian Temple in Xixi and the artistic conception of the Temple of Heaven in Xiaonan Village; the third chapter is the aesthetic characteristics of the paintings and statues of the Temple of Erxian, and three works of research significance and geographical representation are also selected. They are the aesthetic features of line engraving in Song and Jin Dynasty and Jin people's towel Dance, the beautiful appearance of the Xiremen Erxian Palace brick carvings, the mural paintings of the South God-Tou Erxian Temple and the Song plastic two female Statue statues of the Xiao Nan Village's two Immortals Temple, each of which has its own unique features. Then there is the appendix, which mainly explains the folk aesthetic life of Jincheng with "Erxian" as the core. Through all the above, it highlights the regional aesthetic characteristics of Jincheng area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B834.2;B933

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本文編號(hào)：1545039