本文關(guān)鍵詞：南北朝道教煉丹與化學(xué)研究　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2005年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：南北朝時(shí)期,道教經(jīng)過寇謙之、陸修靜、陶弘景等人的改造后,從原來主要流行于民間的原始道團(tuán),逐漸成為官方認(rèn)可的、成熟的宗教。這期間道教煉丹(本文之“煉丹”均指外丹而言,暫不論及內(nèi)丹)亦因此獲得青睞,由原先主要由道士個(gè)人或道團(tuán)內(nèi)部分散的煉丹實(shí)驗(yàn),一躍成為統(tǒng)治者支持的、由門閥士族參與的煉丹活動(dòng)。這些煉丹活動(dòng)不僅對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的佛、道辯爭產(chǎn)生很大影響,而且也震蕩了南北朝整個(gè)社會(huì)的文化、政治氛圍。文章通過對(duì)南北朝道教煉丹術(shù)的探討,不僅對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)宗教、政治、文化等事項(xiàng)相互纏結(jié)在一起的緣由,作了較為深入的分析,而且對(duì)那個(gè)時(shí)期道教煉丹活動(dòng)中所包含的科學(xué)因素、尤其是煉丹典籍中所隱含的一些零散的原始化學(xué)資料進(jìn)行了相對(duì)系統(tǒng)的挖掘整理,對(duì)道教煉丹在中國古代科學(xué)技術(shù)中的歷史地位,也作了較為中肯的評(píng)價(jià)。 歷史是關(guān)系的歷史,關(guān)系是歷史的關(guān)系。因此,本文亦試圖從道教成仙信仰的發(fā)展歷史進(jìn)程中,去把握道教煉丹與原始化學(xué)的關(guān)系,從具體的煉丹發(fā)展演變的歷史考察出發(fā),了解并闡釋它與原始化學(xué)乃至處于萌芽狀態(tài)的整個(gè)古代科學(xué)之間相互糾纏的關(guān)系和歷史。 基于道教煉丹術(shù)是關(guān)系到道教史、古代科技史與文獻(xiàn)學(xué)研究的實(shí)際,本文將著重采用比較、分析和考證的方法:第一,從現(xiàn)有的《道藏》入手,對(duì)其中收錄的煉丹文獻(xiàn)在前人考證、分析的基礎(chǔ)上,按年代進(jìn)行甄別,從中擇出能夠反應(yīng)南北朝道教煉丹特征的代表事件和文本;第二,借助現(xiàn)有的科學(xué)知識(shí)和考據(jù)學(xué)方法,對(duì)事件與文本中的一些科學(xué)因素、尤其是包含古代化學(xué)知識(shí)的一些記載作了深入的發(fā)掘、考證、分析與闡釋;有鑒于“二重證據(jù)法”的有效性,我們?cè)趯?duì)《道藏》中相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行考證的同時(shí),也盡可能地利用正史和出土文物資料,對(duì)事件及文本嘗試做出符合原貌的解釋;第三,注意將南北朝道教與煉丹的發(fā)展演變,置于當(dāng)時(shí)宗教、政治的社會(huì)背景中作整體的關(guān)照;第四,堅(jiān)持宏、微觀結(jié)合的方法,在注意宏觀把握的同時(shí),也從煉丹儀式、方法、器物、環(huán)境以及操作技術(shù)等微觀層面上作具體的剖析。 本文在討論道教煉丹術(shù)與化學(xué)的關(guān)系時(shí),采用了一個(gè)已經(jīng)為學(xué)者證明了的結(jié)論,即認(rèn)為道教與科學(xué)有很深的淵源關(guān)系:
[Abstract]:During the Southern and Northern dynasties, Taoism after the transformation of Kou Qianzhi, Lu Xiujing, Tao Hongjing, etc., gradually became official recognition from the original popular primitive Taoist groups. Mature religion. During this period, Taoist alchemy ("alchemy" in this article refers to external Dan, temporarily do not discuss the inner Dan) also gained favor by the original Taoist individual or Taoist groups scattered within the alchemy experiment. These activities not only had a great impact on the debate of Buddhism and Taoism at that time, but also shook the culture of the whole society of the Southern and Northern dynasties. Political atmosphere. Through the discussion of Taoist alchemy in the Southern and Northern dynasties, the article not only makes a deep analysis of the reasons why religion, politics, culture and other matters intertwined with each other at that time. And the scientific factors contained in the Taoist alchemy activities in that period, especially some scattered original chemical data hidden in the classical books of alchemy, were excavated and sorted out relatively systematically. The historical position of Taoist alchemy in ancient Chinese science and technology is also evaluated. History is the history of the relationship, and the relationship is the relationship of history. Therefore, this paper also tries to grasp the relationship between Taoist alchemy and primitive chemistry from the historical development process of Taoist immortal belief. Based on the historical investigation of the development and evolution of alchemy, the relationship and history between it and the primitive chemistry and even the whole ancient science in its infancy are explained. Based on the fact that Taoist alchemy is related to the history of Taoism, the history of ancient science and technology and the study of philology, this paper will focus on the methods of comparison, analysis and textual research: first, from the existing "Taoist Collection". On the basis of the previous textual research and analysis of the alchemy literature collected therein, the representative events and texts which can reflect the characteristics of Taoist alchemy in the Southern and Northern dynasties are selected according to the ages. Secondly, with the help of existing scientific knowledge and textual methods, some scientific factors in events and texts, especially some records containing ancient chemical knowledge, are deeply explored, verified, analyzed and interpreted. In view of the validity of "double evidence Law", we also make use of the historical and unearthed cultural relics as much as possible while making textual research on the relevant documents in "Tao Zang". Trying to explain the event and the text in accordance with the original appearance; Third, pay attention to the development and evolution of Taoism and alchemy in the Northern and Southern dynasties, and put them under the social background of religion and politics at that time. In 4th, we insist on the combination of macro and micro, pay attention to macroscopical grasp, at the same time make concrete analysis from ceremony, method, utensil, environment and operation technology of alchemy. In discussing the relationship between Taoist alchemy and chemistry, this paper adopts a conclusion that has been proved by scholars that Taoism and science have a deep relationship:
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：K239;B959.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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1 嚴(yán)澤;食物相反的古代文獻(xiàn)研究[D];北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué);2013年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 姚強(qiáng);在STS視角下的中國金丹術(shù)與西方煉金術(shù)比較[D];西北大學(xué);2010年

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本文編號(hào)：1422408