羅爾斯正義理論的論證方法研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-06 16:25
【摘要】：羅爾斯在當(dāng)今學(xué)術(shù)界的地位不容質(zhì)疑,對(duì)于這樣一位偉大思想家,深入研究其理論及發(fā)展,研究其方法上的獨(dú)到與創(chuàng)新之處,無(wú)論是對(duì)于促進(jìn)中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)發(fā)展還是建立社會(huì)主義正義制度來(lái)說(shuō),都顯得意義深遠(yuǎn)。 通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀的分析,我們看到羅爾斯研究的層次正在不斷走向深入,研究的內(nèi)容也越來(lái)越廣泛。但縱觀國(guó)內(nèi)外研究,學(xué)者們大都集中對(duì)羅爾斯理論層面上的解讀,而對(duì)正義理論中采用的論證方法卻關(guān)注不夠。從廣度上來(lái)說(shuō),目前研究都只關(guān)注其中某一種論證方法,沒對(duì)論證方法之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系進(jìn)行探討,從而理順?lè)椒ㄖg的內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)；從深度上來(lái)說(shuō),目前研究局限于對(duì)各種論證方法進(jìn)行描述性論述,沒有對(duì)論證方法背后更深層的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行闡述。羅爾斯理論中很大部分是關(guān)于正義理論的論證過(guò)程,羅爾斯的論證方法也是羅爾斯理論研究的一個(gè)重要組成部分。如果要更好地理解和把握羅爾斯的理論,對(duì)羅爾斯在理論中運(yùn)用的各種論證方法就不能忽略。 基于以上理由,本研究轉(zhuǎn)換了一種研究的視角,即從論證方法的角度對(duì)正義理論進(jìn)行解讀,既可以解決目前對(duì)羅爾斯論證方法上研究的不足,又能對(duì)各種論證方法的發(fā)展與融貫性有更深刻了解,從而提升羅爾斯研究的廣度與深度。 本文首先概括了羅爾斯對(duì)正義論論證的思考,厘清了理論與論證方法之間的關(guān)系；討論認(rèn)為羅爾斯運(yùn)用了四種論證方法,即直覺主義方法、契約論方法、反思平衡和建構(gòu)主義方法,并將這四種論證方法作為本文的研究主題。圍繞這一主題,文中將闡述各種論證方法的涵義,并討論各論證方法與理論之間、各論證方法之間的相互關(guān)系,探討各論證方法在正義理論中的合理性與融貫性,并嘗試揭示論證方法背后的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。 本文研究表明,直覺主義方法、契約論方法、反思平衡和政治建構(gòu)主義方法都是作為羅爾斯正義理論的論證方法在不同的層面存在著。直覺主義方法雖有其在論證過(guò)程中的缺陷,但在建立正義理論的基礎(chǔ)上卻發(fā)揮了不可替代的作用；契約論的方法,尤其是普遍同意的準(zhǔn)則為正義原則的普遍性提供了合理的論證；政治建構(gòu)主義方法作為各種論證方法的綜合,使正義原則在秩序良好社會(huì)中更加現(xiàn)實(shí)；反思平衡方法使正義的觀念在個(gè)人層面和公共層面都得到論證。有些方法是針對(duì)特定的理論問(wèn)題而存在某一階段,有些則貫穿了整個(gè)理論；各種方法之間雖保持相對(duì)獨(dú)立卻能相互支持,方法之間、理論之間保持了融貫一致。 最后,經(jīng)過(guò)討論認(rèn)為：羅爾斯正義理論論證方法背后的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)是西方的理性主義方法。文章通過(guò)梳理了理性主義方法在正義論證中的脈絡(luò),概括出羅爾斯理性主義方法的特點(diǎn),并由此討論了關(guān)于理性主義方法在正義論證中的限度問(wèn)題。通過(guò)研究表明：羅爾斯論證的正義原則難以在當(dāng)今社會(huì)具有普遍性,歸根結(jié)底是人類理性對(duì)世界的認(rèn)識(shí)始終是有限的,人類不可能超越這種有限性。
[Abstract]:The position of Rawls in the academic world is not to be questioned, and for such a great thinker, in-depth study of its theory and development, and to study the unique and innovative features of its method, whether for the promotion of the academic development of China or the establishment of a socialist justice system, It's so far-reaching. Through the analysis of the present research situation at home and abroad, we see that the research level of Rawls is moving in depth, and the content of the research is becoming more and more extensive. In general, but at home and abroad, most of the scholars focus on the interpretation of the theory of Rawls, and the method of argument used in the theory of justice is not only concerned. That's enough. In terms of the breadth, the present study only focuses on one of the methods of the demonstration, and the difference and the relation between the methods are discussed, so that the internal relation between the methods is rationalized. In terms of the depth, the present study is limited to the description of various demonstration methods. It's not based on a deeper philosophical foundation in the back of the argument. The most part of the Rawls' theory is the process of the argument of the theory of justice, and the method of argument of Rawls is also an important component of the theory of Rawls. If it is to better understand and grasp the theory of Rawls, the various methods used in the theory of Rawls can't be ignored. On the basis of the above reasons, this study has transformed the view of the research, that is, the interpretation of the theory of justice from the angle of the method of argument, not only can solve the shortcomings of the research on the method of the theory of the Rawls, but also have a deeper understanding of the development of various methods of argument. Learn to improve the breadth of the Rawls study. This paper first summarizes the thinking of Rawls's argument on the theory of justice, and makes clear the relation between the theory and the demonstration method. The discussion holds that Rawls has applied four methods of demonstration, namely, the method of intuitionism, the method of contract theory, the reflection of the balance and the construction. The method of structuralism and the four methods of demonstration are used in this paper. The subject of the study is to set forth the meaning of various demonstration methods, and to discuss the relationship between the methods and theories of each argument, and to discuss the rationality and the fusion of each demonstration method in the theory of justice and try to reveal the back of the demonstration method. The research of this paper shows that the method of intuitionism, the method of contract theory, the reflection balance and the political constructivism are all the proof methods of the Rawls's theory of justice. In the same aspect, the method of orthodogmatism has played an irreplaceable role on the basis of the establishment of the theory of justice, but the method of the contract theory, in particular the universally accepted criterion, is the universal reference of the principle of justice. The method of political constructivism, as a combination of various demonstration methods, makes the principle of justice more realistic in order and good society; the reflection of the balance method makes the concept of justice at the personal level and the public In some ways, there is a certain stage for specific theoretical problems, some of which run through the whole theory, while maintaining the relative independence between the various methods can be mutually supportive, between the methods, between the theory and the other, Finally, after the discussion, the philosophical basis behind the theory of the theory of Rawls' theory of justice is that The western rationalism method, by combing the context of the rationalism method in the justice demonstration, summarizes the characteristics of the Rawls' rationalism method, and therefore discusses the rationalism method in the positive The study shows that the principle of justice in Rawls' argument is hard to be universal in today's society. In the final analysis, the human reason is always limited to the world, and the human does not
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D09
本文編號(hào)：2511165
[Abstract]:The position of Rawls in the academic world is not to be questioned, and for such a great thinker, in-depth study of its theory and development, and to study the unique and innovative features of its method, whether for the promotion of the academic development of China or the establishment of a socialist justice system, It's so far-reaching. Through the analysis of the present research situation at home and abroad, we see that the research level of Rawls is moving in depth, and the content of the research is becoming more and more extensive. In general, but at home and abroad, most of the scholars focus on the interpretation of the theory of Rawls, and the method of argument used in the theory of justice is not only concerned. That's enough. In terms of the breadth, the present study only focuses on one of the methods of the demonstration, and the difference and the relation between the methods are discussed, so that the internal relation between the methods is rationalized. In terms of the depth, the present study is limited to the description of various demonstration methods. It's not based on a deeper philosophical foundation in the back of the argument. The most part of the Rawls' theory is the process of the argument of the theory of justice, and the method of argument of Rawls is also an important component of the theory of Rawls. If it is to better understand and grasp the theory of Rawls, the various methods used in the theory of Rawls can't be ignored. On the basis of the above reasons, this study has transformed the view of the research, that is, the interpretation of the theory of justice from the angle of the method of argument, not only can solve the shortcomings of the research on the method of the theory of the Rawls, but also have a deeper understanding of the development of various methods of argument. Learn to improve the breadth of the Rawls study. This paper first summarizes the thinking of Rawls's argument on the theory of justice, and makes clear the relation between the theory and the demonstration method. The discussion holds that Rawls has applied four methods of demonstration, namely, the method of intuitionism, the method of contract theory, the reflection of the balance and the construction. The method of structuralism and the four methods of demonstration are used in this paper. The subject of the study is to set forth the meaning of various demonstration methods, and to discuss the relationship between the methods and theories of each argument, and to discuss the rationality and the fusion of each demonstration method in the theory of justice and try to reveal the back of the demonstration method. The research of this paper shows that the method of intuitionism, the method of contract theory, the reflection balance and the political constructivism are all the proof methods of the Rawls's theory of justice. In the same aspect, the method of orthodogmatism has played an irreplaceable role on the basis of the establishment of the theory of justice, but the method of the contract theory, in particular the universally accepted criterion, is the universal reference of the principle of justice. The method of political constructivism, as a combination of various demonstration methods, makes the principle of justice more realistic in order and good society; the reflection of the balance method makes the concept of justice at the personal level and the public In some ways, there is a certain stage for specific theoretical problems, some of which run through the whole theory, while maintaining the relative independence between the various methods can be mutually supportive, between the methods, between the theory and the other, Finally, after the discussion, the philosophical basis behind the theory of the theory of Rawls' theory of justice is that The western rationalism method, by combing the context of the rationalism method in the justice demonstration, summarizes the characteristics of the Rawls' rationalism method, and therefore discusses the rationalism method in the positive The study shows that the principle of justice in Rawls' argument is hard to be universal in today's society. In the final analysis, the human reason is always limited to the world, and the human does not
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D09
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