【摘要】：在20世紀(jì)后半葉的歐美馬克思主義理論發(fā)展史上，英國(guó)新左派扮演了非常重要的角色：從第一代的霍布斯鮑姆、湯普森、威廉姆斯、密里本德、霍加特、霍爾等人到第二代的伊格爾頓、安德森、哈維等人，英國(guó)涌現(xiàn)出一批具有世界性影響的馬克思主義理論家。正是在這種背景下，第一批具有明確英國(guó)馬克思主義特質(zhì)的理論著作率先在政治學(xué)、歷史學(xué)和文化研究領(lǐng)域中陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)。然而，面對(duì)英國(guó)新左派綿密細(xì)致的歷史主義個(gè)案分析，早已習(xí)慣德國(guó)式宏大敘事思辨演繹的國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)界選擇了沉默應(yīng)對(duì)。 本文試對(duì)比經(jīng)典馬克思主義與第一代新左派的階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)觀點(diǎn)，最終預(yù)期得出結(jié)論：經(jīng)典馬克思主義認(rèn)為斗爭(zhēng)是統(tǒng)治階級(jí)用來(lái)阻止被統(tǒng)治階級(jí)解放的手段；新左派在承認(rèn)斗爭(zhēng)的客觀存在的同時(shí)，認(rèn)為這種斗爭(zhēng)不僅是一種通過(guò)和平方式解決問(wèn)題的手段，而且也是一種產(chǎn)生新思想、保證進(jìn)步和取得更大和諧的手段。階級(jí)之間的矛盾與斗爭(zhēng)在根本上有三個(gè)層次：經(jīng)濟(jì)斗爭(zhēng)、思想斗爭(zhēng)、政治斗爭(zhēng)。因此，筆者從此觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)，將文章分為三個(gè)章節(jié)展開(kāi)討論：第一，經(jīng)濟(jì)階層的對(duì)抗是斗爭(zhēng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。新左派繼承了經(jīng)典馬克思主義的經(jīng)濟(jì)階層分析法，并進(jìn)一步細(xì)劃了英國(guó)社會(huì)階層，為斗爭(zhēng)形式的多樣性與方向的多維性奠定了階級(jí)基礎(chǔ)。第二，思想意識(shí)的對(duì)抗體現(xiàn)斗爭(zhēng)的形態(tài)方式。新左派繼承了經(jīng)典馬克思主義階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)觀點(diǎn)的文化內(nèi)核，工人階級(jí)文化的成型徹底打破了經(jīng)典馬克思主義統(tǒng)治階級(jí)文化獨(dú)擋一面的局面，倡導(dǎo)和諧、非暴力的工人階級(jí)文化活力十足，成為一種強(qiáng)勁有力的斗爭(zhēng)武器。第三，，政治上層建筑的對(duì)抗決定斗爭(zhēng)的前進(jìn)方向。經(jīng)典馬克思主義要求徹底打破現(xiàn)有的落后的不平衡關(guān)系，建立無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政；新左派認(rèn)為正是因?yàn)檫@種不平衡才產(chǎn)生了多種可能性，斗爭(zhēng)可以是沖突，是落后，也可以是和平，是進(jìn)步。新左派這一理論觀點(diǎn)有其特定的形成原因：20世紀(jì)50年代，一系列重大的國(guó)際性事件促發(fā)了英國(guó)新左派陣營(yíng)的建立。當(dāng)時(shí)，英國(guó)的社會(huì)格局出現(xiàn)重大變化，傳統(tǒng)的主義和理論再難以對(duì)社會(huì)不同階層產(chǎn)生以往那樣的作用，一個(gè)需要重新思考階級(jí)、權(quán)力、秩序的新社會(huì)形成了。密里本德、威廉姆斯、霍加特、霍爾、湯普森等先驅(qū)人物，面對(duì)激變的時(shí)代，深刻反思，積極應(yīng)對(duì)，強(qiáng)有力地催生了英國(guó)派馬克思主義，并成功地將新左派的人文主義精髓與多元視角延續(xù)到文化研究傳統(tǒng)中。筆者才疏學(xué)淺，希望通過(guò)此研究探索中國(guó)派馬克思主義理論建構(gòu)的可能性？
[Abstract]:In the history of the development of Marxist theory in Europe and the United States in the second half of the 20th century, the new left played a very important role: from the first generation of Hubsbaum, Thompson, Williams, Miribender, Hogart, Hall and others to the second generation of Eagleton, Anderson, Harvey and other people, Britain emerged a group of Marxist theorists with worldwide influence. It is in this context that the first theoretical works with clear characteristics of British Marxism have taken the lead in the fields of political science, history and cultural research. However, in the face of the meticulous historical case analysis of the new left in Britain, the domestic academic circles who have long been used to the German grand narrative speculation and deduction have chosen silence to deal with it. This paper tries to compare the view of class struggle between classical Marxism and the first generation of the new left, and finally draws the conclusion that classical Marxism holds that struggle is a means used by the ruling class to prevent the liberation of the ruling class; While recognizing the objective existence of the struggle, the new left believes that this struggle is not only a means of solving problems by peaceful means, but also a means to produce new ideas to ensure progress and achieve greater harmony. There are three fundamental levels of contradiction and struggle between classes: economic struggle, ideological struggle and political struggle. Therefore, from this point of view, the author divides the article into three chapters to discuss: first, the confrontation of the economic class is the realistic basis of the struggle. The new left inherited the classical Marxist economic class analysis and further elaborated the British social strata, laying the class foundation for the diversity of the forms of struggle and the multidimensional nature of the direction. Second, the confrontation of ideology reflects the form of struggle. The new left inherited the cultural core of the classical Marxist view of class struggle, and the formation of the working class culture completely broke the situation of the exclusive side of the classical Marxist ruling class culture and advocated harmony. Non-violent working class culture is full of vitality and becomes a powerful weapon of struggle. Third, the confrontation of the political superstructure determines the direction of the struggle. Classical Marxism calls for completely breaking the existing backward unbalanced relationship and establishing the dictatorship of the proletariat. The new left believes that it is precisely because of this imbalance that there are many possibilities. Struggle can be conflict, backwardness, peace and progress. The theoretical view of the new left has its own specific reasons: in the 1950s, a series of major international events promoted the establishment of the new left camp in Britain. At that time, there were great changes in the social pattern of Britain, and it was difficult for traditional doctrine and theory to play the same role in different strata of society, and a new society that needed to rethink class, power and order was formed. Miribender, Williams, Hogart, Hall, Thompson and other pioneer figures, in the face of the era of upheaval, profound reflection, positive response, strongly gave birth to British Marxism. And successfully extended the humanistic essence and pluralistic perspective of the new left into the tradition of cultural research. The author hopes to explore the possibility of the construction of Marxist theory in China through this study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川外語(yǔ)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D01;A811.6

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 張亮;;英國(guó)馬克思主義的研究模式及方法[J];求是學(xué)刊;2006年05期

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