【摘要】：國家與社會(huì)的關(guān)系,是近代政治哲學(xué)的焦點(diǎn)之一。論文對(duì)國家與社會(huì)關(guān)系思想的研究,具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)馬克思國家與社會(huì)關(guān)系思想的研究較少,大多是對(duì)市民社會(huì)和國家理論的分開研究。治理現(xiàn)代化理念的提出,使得國家與社會(huì)關(guān)系再次引起學(xué)者們的關(guān)注。文章從縱向出發(fā)厘清國家與社會(huì)關(guān)系思想形成的歷史淵源及其發(fā)展脈絡(luò),從橫向開始探索馬克思國家與社會(huì)關(guān)系的基本內(nèi)容,充分挖掘馬克思國家與社會(huì)關(guān)系思想背后的理論基礎(chǔ)和現(xiàn)實(shí)因素,才能為推進(jìn)國家治理現(xiàn)代奠定良好的思想基礎(chǔ)。從縱向的角度闡述馬克思國家與市民社會(huì)關(guān)系思想產(chǎn)生的歷史淵源和發(fā)展脈絡(luò),國家與社會(huì)關(guān)系主要表現(xiàn)以下幾個(gè)方面:國家與社會(huì)的同一;社會(huì)先于或外于國家;國家決定市民社會(huì)。馬克思對(duì)前人特別是黑格爾理性主義國家觀批判繼承的基礎(chǔ)上形成了自己的國家與社會(huì)關(guān)系思想。馬克思國家與社會(huì)關(guān)系思想的形成不是一蹴而就的,劃分為初步形成、歷史發(fā)展和成熟時(shí)期。他的思想經(jīng)歷了由哲學(xué)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),并以市民社會(huì)為切入點(diǎn)深入政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中尋找人類解放的鑰匙,為人類解放的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了必然性和現(xiàn)實(shí)性論證。從橫向角度分析馬克思國家與市民社會(huì)關(guān)系思想的基本內(nèi)容,論文對(duì)馬克思市民社會(huì)理論、馬克思的國家理論以及馬克思國家與社會(huì)關(guān)系思想的主要觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行具體的闡述,從中總結(jié)馬克思國家與社會(huì)關(guān)系思想的基本內(nèi)容,厘清馬克思國家與市民社會(huì)關(guān)系思想的最終歸宿,即國家向市民社會(huì)的回歸。中國正處于從傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)向現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期,特別是改革開放以來,國家與社會(huì)關(guān)系發(fā)生新的變化,人們的思想受到多元價(jià)值觀的影響,治理現(xiàn)代化中國家與社會(huì)面臨新形勢(shì)、新時(shí)代、新課題,社會(huì)上各種社會(huì)思潮盛行,對(duì)國家治理以及國家與社會(huì)關(guān)系的處理提出新的要求。在此背景下,應(yīng)努力汲取馬克思國家與社會(huì)思想的精華、探索國家治理的有效途徑,尋求國家與社會(huì)的良性互動(dòng)。
[Abstract]:The relationship between state and society is one of the focal points of modern political philosophy. The research on the relationship between state and society is of great theoretical and practical significance. There are few studies on Marx's thought of state-to-state relations in academia, mostly on the separation of civil society and state theory. The concept of governance modernization makes the relationship between the country and the society get the scholars' attention again. This article clarifies the historical origin and development vein of the formation of the thought of state and social relations from the vertical, and explores the basic contents of Marx's state and social relations from the horizontal point of view. Only by fully excavating the theoretical basis and realistic factors behind Marx's thought of state-to-society relations can we lay a good ideological foundation for advancing the modern governance of the state. This paper expounds the historical origin and development vein of Marx's thought on social relations between state and citizen from the vertical angle. The relationship between state and society mainly shows the following aspects: the same between the state and the society, the society before or outside the state, the relationship between the state and society, and the relationship between state and society. The state determines civil society. On the basis of criticizing and inheriting the state view of predecessors, especially Hegel rationalism, Marx formed his own thought of state-to-society relationship. The formation of Marx's thought of state-to-society relationship is not accomplished overnight, but is divided into initial formation, historical development and mature period. His thought changed from philosophy to political economics gradually, and looked for the key of human liberation in political economics from the point of view of civil society, which provided the inevitability and reality proof for the realization of human liberation. This paper analyzes the basic contents of Marx's thought on social relations between state and citizen from a horizontal angle, and expounds Marx's theory of civil society, Marx's theory of state and the main viewpoints of Marx's thought on state-to-citizen relations. This paper summarizes the basic contents of Marx's thought on the relationship between state and citizen, and clarifies the ultimate destination of Marx's thought on the relationship between state and citizen, that is, the return of the state to the civil society. China is in a period of transition from a traditional society to a modern society, especially since the reform and opening up, there has been a new change in the relationship between the state and the society, and people's thoughts have been influenced by multiple values. In the modernization of governance, the country and society are faced with new situation, new era, new subject, all kinds of social thoughts prevailing in the society, and put forward new requirements for national governance and the treatment of the relationship between the state and the society. In this context, we should try our best to absorb the essence of Marx's thought of state and society, explore the effective way of national governance, and seek the benign interaction between state and society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D0

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