【摘要】：塞拉利昂的憲政發(fā)展較為典型的反應(yīng)了非洲憲政發(fā)展的狀況。塞拉利昂的首都弗里敦曾是英國(guó)在西非的第一個(gè)殖民據(jù)點(diǎn)。為了維護(hù)其統(tǒng)治,英國(guó)從20世紀(jì)20年代開(kāi)始在塞拉利昂推行憲政改革,但并不成功。1961年,塞拉利昂獲得獨(dú)立。通過(guò)近半個(gè)世紀(jì)的憲政摸索,塞拉利昂憲政歷經(jīng)繼承模仿、變革適應(yīng)和轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展等三個(gè)時(shí)期,才最終確立以多黨制和三權(quán)分立等為原則的憲政制度。具體說(shuō)來(lái),獨(dú)立初期,繼續(xù)留在英聯(lián)邦內(nèi)的塞拉利昂繼承了威斯敏斯特模式的憲政原則,比如:強(qiáng)調(diào)分權(quán)制衡原則的運(yùn)用,行政權(quán)力的主導(dǎo)以及代議制與政黨制度的實(shí)施等。此外,這一時(shí)期的塞拉利昂還創(chuàng)制了具有新特點(diǎn)的憲政制度。其在議會(huì)構(gòu)成、元首權(quán)限、司法審查、政黨作用等方面都已不同于傳統(tǒng)的威斯敏斯特模式了。1971年,塞拉利昂轉(zhuǎn)型為共和國(guó)。這一時(shí)期的塞拉利昂憲政制度由“一黨獨(dú)大”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閺氐椎摹耙稽h制”,此外,總統(tǒng)權(quán)力空前突顯,三權(quán)分立的原則遭受重創(chuàng)。斯蒂文斯總統(tǒng)退休之后,塞拉利昂重歸多黨制。步入20世紀(jì)90年代,塞拉利昂政局歷經(jīng)騷亂,在國(guó)際社會(huì)干預(yù)下,才逐漸穩(wěn)定。雖然屢遭戰(zhàn)亂,但塞拉利昂至今沿用了1991年憲法。2002年,塞拉利昂實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)和平,塞拉利昂憲政進(jìn)入成熟發(fā)展期。這一時(shí)期塞拉利昂憲政的特點(diǎn)突出表現(xiàn)在對(duì)多黨制度的重建和對(duì)總統(tǒng)權(quán)力的限制。 總體說(shuō)來(lái),塞拉利昂憲政發(fā)展體現(xiàn)了四大特點(diǎn),即:強(qiáng)調(diào)國(guó)家主權(quán)、三權(quán)分立、多黨制與選舉制,以及對(duì)憲法修改的控制。在新世紀(jì),塞拉利昂現(xiàn)行憲政制度是否能夠?yàn)槿撼掷m(xù)的穩(wěn)定與和平保駕護(hù)航,目前的情況并不明朗。
[Abstract]:The constitutional development in Sierra Leone is a typical reflection of the constitutional development in Africa. Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone, was Britain's first colonial stronghold in West Africa. To preserve its rule, Britain began to introduce constitutional reforms in Sierra Leone in the 1920s, but not successfully. Sierra Leone gained independence in 1961. After nearly half a century of constitutional exploration, Sierra Leone's constitutionalism has gone through three periods: inheritance and imitation, transformation and adaptation, and transformation and development, before finally establishing the constitutional system based on the principle of multiparty system and separation of powers. Specifically, in the early days of independence, Sierra Leone, which remained in the Commonwealth, inherited the constitutional principles of the Westminster model, such as the emphasis on the use of the principle of separation of powers and checks and balances, the dominance of executive power, and the implementation of representative and party systems. In addition, Sierra Leone during this period also created a constitutional system with new characteristics. It is different from the traditional Westminster model in terms of parliamentary composition, head of state authority, judicial review, party role, etc. In 1971, Sierra Leone was transformed into a republic. In this period, the constitutional system of Sierra Leone changed from "one party dominating" to "one party system". In addition, the power of the president was unprecedented highlighted, and the principle of separation of three powers was severely damaged. After President Stevens retired, Sierra Leone returned to a multi-party system. In the 1990 s, Sierra Leone experienced riots and international intervention before gradually stabilizing. Despite repeated wars, Sierra Leone has still adopted the 1991 constitution. In 2002, Sierra Leone achieved domestic peace, and Sierra Leone's constitutionalism entered a mature stage of development. The constitutional characteristics of Sierra Leone during this period are the reconstruction of multi-party system and the restriction of the power of the president. In general, the constitutional development of Sierra Leone embodies four characteristics, namely, the emphasis on national sovereignty, separation of powers, multiparty system and electoral system, and control over constitutional amendments. In the new century, it is not clear whether the current constitutional system in Sierra Leone can guarantee the continued stability and peace of Sierra Leone.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D095.61

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