【摘要】：保證人類的自由平等的生存和發(fā)展,是人權(quán)的本質(zhì)內(nèi)容,社會就是人與人之間的交往產(chǎn)生的,只要有人的存在,就會有人權(quán)問題的存在；只要有權(quán)利的存在,就會存在平等的問題,人權(quán)問題是當今世界各國普遍關(guān)注的問題。當今國際形式來看有兩種形式的人權(quán)觀：一種是西方資本主義人權(quán)觀；一種是馬克思主義人權(quán)觀。馬克思主義人權(quán)觀強調(diào)的是解放人類,消滅剝削。堅持權(quán)利的平等,尊重主權(quán),反對強權(quán)是它的基本觀點。支持發(fā)展經(jīng)濟和文化,促進社會進步,維護社會和諧發(fā)展,追求世界和平反對戰(zhàn)爭,強調(diào)人民的物質(zhì)財富和精神財富的高度提高是它的基本精神。馬克思主義的人權(quán)觀的基本精神和基本觀點,無論在什么時候都是我們處理人權(quán)問題最基本的指導思想。 我國秉承和發(fā)展馬克思主義的人權(quán)觀,加強了馬克思主義人權(quán)觀的創(chuàng)新,促進了我國人權(quán)事業(yè)的發(fā)展。毛澤東提出的“生存、發(fā)展、自由、平等”的思想,解決了我國最大的人權(quán)難題；鄧小平在改革開放初期強調(diào)生存權(quán)、人身權(quán)、政治權(quán)、經(jīng)濟權(quán)、社會權(quán)以及文化權(quán),主張全體人民的權(quán)利,否認了個人主義的特權(quán),拓寬權(quán)利的范圍,在全方位促進了人權(quán)的發(fā)展；以江澤民為核心的領(lǐng)導集體,堅持“三個代表”思想,保障人民群眾的生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán),保證人民的經(jīng)濟、文化、社會和政治的權(quán)利,維護人的價值和尊嚴,加強依法治國,維護廣大人民的根本利益,并與國際社會一道發(fā)展了人權(quán)事業(yè),為馬克思主義人權(quán)思想注入新的血液；以胡錦濤總書記為代表的新一代領(lǐng)導人,依據(jù)馬克思主義基本原理,根據(jù)我國國情,繼續(xù)發(fā)揚和創(chuàng)新前三代領(lǐng)導集體的人權(quán)思想,提出以人為本、全面協(xié)調(diào)可續(xù)的科學發(fā)展觀,提出了與時俱進的社會主義人權(quán)觀。 馬克思主義人權(quán)觀從他的內(nèi)在根據(jù)和外在現(xiàn)實效應來看具有科學性。馬克思主義人權(quán)觀反映不同時期、不同階段的時代特征,反映無產(chǎn)階級追求全面自由的歷程,反映人類從物化、異化當中不斷擺脫追求自由的實踐歷程。正確理解和掌握馬克思主義人權(quán)觀對我國的社會主義建設(shè)具有積極的意義。我們應在社會主義建設(shè)實踐當中不斷的豐富和創(chuàng)新發(fā)展馬克思主義人權(quán)觀。
[Abstract]:To guarantee the free and equal survival and development of human beings is the essential content of human rights. The society is the interaction between people, as long as there are people, there will be the existence of human rights. As long as the existence of rights, there will be equality, human rights is a universal concern in the world. There are two forms of human rights in the present international situation: one is western capitalist view of human rights, the other is Marxist view of human rights. Marxist concept of human rights emphasizes the liberation of mankind and the elimination of exploitation. Its basic view is to uphold equality of rights, respect sovereignty and oppose power. Its basic spirit is to support the development of economy and culture, to promote social progress, to safeguard the harmonious development of society, to pursue world peace and oppose war, and to emphasize the high improvement of people's material and spiritual wealth. The basic spirit and viewpoint of Marxist concept of human rights is the most basic guiding ideology for us to deal with human rights at all times. Our country adheres to and develops the Marxist concept of human rights, strengthens the innovation of Marxist concept of human rights, and promotes the development of China's human rights cause. Mao Zedong's thought of "survival, development, freedom and equality" has solved the biggest human rights problem in China. In the early years of reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping emphasized the rights to survival, personal, political, economic, social and cultural rights, advocated the rights of all the people, denied the privilege of individualism, and broadened the scope of rights. Promoting the development of human rights in all directions; The leading collective with Jiang Zemin as the core adheres to the thought of "three represents," guarantees the people's right to subsistence and development, guarantees the people's economic, cultural, social and political rights, safeguards human values and dignity, and strengthens the rule of law. Safeguarding the fundamental interests of the broad masses of the people, and working with the international community to develop the cause of human rights and inject new blood into the Marxist thought of human rights; The new generation of leaders, represented by General Secretary Hu Jintao, in accordance with the basic principles of Marxism, in accordance with the national conditions of our country, continue to carry forward and innovate the human rights thinking of the previous three generations of leading collectives, and put forward a scientific concept of development that is people-oriented and comprehensively coordinated and sustainable. Put forward the socialist human rights concept of keeping pace with the times. Marxist view of human rights is scientific in terms of its internal basis and external realistic effect. The Marxist view of human rights reflects the characteristics of the times in different periods and stages, the course of the proletariat's pursuit of comprehensive freedom, and the practice of human beings getting rid of the pursuit of freedom from the process of materialization and alienation. Correctly understanding and mastering Marxist concept of human rights is of positive significance to the socialist construction of our country. We should enrich and innovate the Marxist concept of human rights in the practice of socialist construction.
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D082

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