盧梭政治道德思想評析
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-06 10:49
【摘要】：政治與道德,有著天然的千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。古典政治哲學追求道德國家的建立,本質(zhì)上就是一種道德哲學。馬基雅維利提出了無道德的政治權術,現(xiàn)代政治學得以建立。政治與道德的關系也因此由隱晦而變得明顯�，F(xiàn)實政治與理想道德的價值問題一直是思想史上的重要問題,道德的至善是人類追求的終極目標。盧梭作為啟蒙思想陣營中一個突出人物,對政治與道德有著更深刻的見解。盧梭的心中一直有著一顆道德的種子,他的道德感處于自然狀態(tài),是最美好的狀態(tài)。其首部著作《論科學與藝術》就是一部辭藻考究的道德說教的文章。正是受狄德羅之托為《百科全書》編纂《論政治經(jīng)濟學》開始,盧梭才將思考從道德方面轉(zhuǎn)向政治方面。他認為“一切都從根本上與政治相聯(lián)系”,畢生追求政治自由的道德至善。盧梭深刻體會到他所處的社會現(xiàn)實亟需補充道德的養(yǎng)分,且堅信政治道德可以自我實現(xiàn)。盧梭的政治道德思想無論是對之后思想史上關于政治與道德關系的討論,還是對之后現(xiàn)實政治的道德踐行都有著深遠影響。本文對盧梭的政治道德思想進行了具體評析,主要從以下三個部分進行闡述： 第一部分,從孕育盧梭思想的自然地理環(huán)境、社會人文氛圍出發(fā),繼而深入挖掘盧梭內(nèi)心對政治道德向往的深刻的哲學感覺論基礎,結(jié)合政治道德發(fā)展的階段延續(xù)性,探究盧梭政治道德思想產(chǎn)生的背景與緣起。 第二部分,總結(jié)盧梭政治思想體系,從中提煉出盧梭的政治道德思想框架。盧梭的政治道德以“自然平等”為起點,繼而進入“社會不平等”狀態(tài)否定了“自然平等”,通過訂立社會契約、遵循公意指導,實現(xiàn)“社會平等”,即實現(xiàn)最大的善——自由。這部分從平等、社會契約、自由等幾個關鍵點切入,探索盧梭政治道德思想內(nèi)在的關系,并對盧梭政治道德思想進行審視與總結(jié)。 第三部分,從現(xiàn)實出發(fā),分析盧梭政治道德思想的廣泛而深刻的影響。盧梭的政治道德開啟了一個新時代,對西方政治思想有著巨大影響,特別是他提倡的平等、自由,影響著一代又一代思想家。他繼承又加以創(chuàng)新的社會契約論對后世西方政治思想的新契約論也大有啟發(fā)。馬克思、恩格斯亦多次提及盧梭,盧梭政治道德思想特別是自由理論對馬克思、恩格斯的政治思想的影響不可否認。在中國,主要是民主革命時期,盧梭的政治道德思想在一定程度上鼓勵與引導了當時的革命家。當代我國政治理念里善政與善治的提出也與盧梭的政治道德有異曲同工之意,它對于我國當代民主政治的建設具有重要參考價值。
[Abstract]:Politics and morality are inextricably linked. Classical political philosophy pursues the establishment of moral state, which is essentially a kind of moral philosophy. Machiavelli proposed unethical political power, and modern politics was established. The relationship between politics and morality has thus become apparent from obscurity. The value of realistic politics and ideal morality has always been an important issue in the history of thought. Rousseau, as a prominent figure in the camp of enlightenment thought, has a deeper understanding of politics and morality. Rousseau always had a seed of morality in his mind, and his moral sense was in a state of nature and the best. His first work, on Science and Art, is a rhetorical moral preaching article. It was under Diderot's mandate to compile political Economics for the Encyclopedia that Rousseau turned his thinking from a moral to a political one. He believed that "everything is fundamentally linked to politics" and pursued the moral best of political freedom all his life. Rousseau deeply realized that his social reality urgently needed to supplement the nutrition of morality and believed that political morality could be self-actualized. Rousseau's political and moral thought has a profound influence on the discussion of the relationship between politics and morality in the history of thought after, and on the moral practice of post-realistic politics. This article has carried on the concrete appraisal to the Rousseau's political moral thought, mainly from the following three parts carries on the elaboration: the first part, from the natural geographical environment which gives birth to Rousseau's thought, the social humanities atmosphere, Then it explores Rousseau's deep philosophical sensationalism foundation of his yearning for political morality and explores the background and origin of Rousseau's political moral thought in combination with the continuity of the political moral development stage. The second part, summarizes Rousseau's political thought system, abstracts Rousseau's political moral thought frame from it. Rousseau's political morality starts with "natural equality", and then enters into "social inequality", negates "natural equality", and realizes "social equality" by making social contract and following the guidance of public will. That is to achieve the greatest good-freedom. This part from equality, social contract, freedom and other key points to explore the internal relationship of Rousseau's political and moral thought, and to examine and summarize Rousseau's political and moral thought. The third part, from the reality, analyzes Rousseau's political moral thought widespread and profound influence. Rousseau's political morality opened a new era and had a great influence on western political thought, especially the equality and freedom advocated by Rousseau, which influenced generations of thinkers. He inherited and innovated the theory of social contract. Marx and Engels have repeatedly mentioned Rousseau's political moral thought, especially the influence of freedom theory on Marx's and Engels' political thought. In China, mainly during the period of democratic revolution, Rousseau's political and moral thought encouraged and guided revolutionaries at that time to a certain extent. The proposition of good governance and good governance in the contemporary political concept of our country also has the same meaning as Rousseau's political morality, which has important reference value for the construction of contemporary democratic politics in our country.
【學位授予單位】：揚州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D091
本文編號：2314054
[Abstract]:Politics and morality are inextricably linked. Classical political philosophy pursues the establishment of moral state, which is essentially a kind of moral philosophy. Machiavelli proposed unethical political power, and modern politics was established. The relationship between politics and morality has thus become apparent from obscurity. The value of realistic politics and ideal morality has always been an important issue in the history of thought. Rousseau, as a prominent figure in the camp of enlightenment thought, has a deeper understanding of politics and morality. Rousseau always had a seed of morality in his mind, and his moral sense was in a state of nature and the best. His first work, on Science and Art, is a rhetorical moral preaching article. It was under Diderot's mandate to compile political Economics for the Encyclopedia that Rousseau turned his thinking from a moral to a political one. He believed that "everything is fundamentally linked to politics" and pursued the moral best of political freedom all his life. Rousseau deeply realized that his social reality urgently needed to supplement the nutrition of morality and believed that political morality could be self-actualized. Rousseau's political and moral thought has a profound influence on the discussion of the relationship between politics and morality in the history of thought after, and on the moral practice of post-realistic politics. This article has carried on the concrete appraisal to the Rousseau's political moral thought, mainly from the following three parts carries on the elaboration: the first part, from the natural geographical environment which gives birth to Rousseau's thought, the social humanities atmosphere, Then it explores Rousseau's deep philosophical sensationalism foundation of his yearning for political morality and explores the background and origin of Rousseau's political moral thought in combination with the continuity of the political moral development stage. The second part, summarizes Rousseau's political thought system, abstracts Rousseau's political moral thought frame from it. Rousseau's political morality starts with "natural equality", and then enters into "social inequality", negates "natural equality", and realizes "social equality" by making social contract and following the guidance of public will. That is to achieve the greatest good-freedom. This part from equality, social contract, freedom and other key points to explore the internal relationship of Rousseau's political and moral thought, and to examine and summarize Rousseau's political and moral thought. The third part, from the reality, analyzes Rousseau's political moral thought widespread and profound influence. Rousseau's political morality opened a new era and had a great influence on western political thought, especially the equality and freedom advocated by Rousseau, which influenced generations of thinkers. He inherited and innovated the theory of social contract. Marx and Engels have repeatedly mentioned Rousseau's political moral thought, especially the influence of freedom theory on Marx's and Engels' political thought. In China, mainly during the period of democratic revolution, Rousseau's political and moral thought encouraged and guided revolutionaries at that time to a certain extent. The proposition of good governance and good governance in the contemporary political concept of our country also has the same meaning as Rousseau's political morality, which has important reference value for the construction of contemporary democratic politics in our country.
【學位授予單位】：揚州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D091
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