城鄉(xiāng)政治認同比較實證研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-03 20:48
【摘要】：一直以來,城鄉(xiāng)二元社會結構就為學者所詬病。這方面的研究主要集中在戶籍制度所造成城市和農(nóng)村之間的客觀差別,尤其突出的特點就是城市和農(nóng)村之間不平衡的資源配置,還有市民和農(nóng)民間權利的不平等。但對于城鄉(xiāng)關系的把握,對市民和農(nóng)民關于這種客觀差別的主觀感受,以及主觀心理對政治體系的影響,這些方面都需要深入研究。畢竟,主觀心理層面研究能夠?qū)ι鐣蓡T的政治行為和趨向做出預測,并利于政府提前有針對地實行改進措施。政治認同就為我們提供了這個角度。它是社會成員對政治系統(tǒng)的歸屬感和依附感,是政治體系存續(xù)、政府政策施行的重要條件。通過實證調(diào)研,我們就能夠準確地、具體地掌握城鄉(xiāng)政治認同的現(xiàn)狀。 本文嘗試運用戴維·伊斯頓對政治權力合法性層次的分類,即共同體、典則、當局三個層面的分野,對城鄉(xiāng)政治認同的現(xiàn)狀進行梳理和分析。在城鄉(xiāng)共同體層面的政治認同比較中,數(shù)據(jù)顯示的是城鄉(xiāng)高水平的共同體認同度,這可以運用生態(tài)范圍理論做出解釋。在典則層面,城鄉(xiāng)政治認同的比較中,農(nóng)民相較于與市民表現(xiàn)出更高的典則認同度。這是因為典則認同度受到制度設計的規(guī)范性和制度運行公正性兩方面的影響。改革開放以來的制度建設和以民生重點的價值理念都促使城鄉(xiāng)較高的政治認同度。而市民在物質(zhì)利益得到更大滿足后,他們對規(guī)范性和公正性這兩方面都表現(xiàn)出較高的預期。但相較于實際的制度建設,他們在主觀心理層面存在落差。在城鄉(xiāng)當局層面的認同度的比較中,本文從縱向政府層面和橫向政府層面兩個維度,對城鄉(xiāng)當局政治認同度進行比較。城鄉(xiāng)居民對縱向政府的認同度并沒有很大區(qū)別,都表現(xiàn)出由中央政府到各級地方政府認同度逐漸下降的特點。但相同認同度的原因是相異的。實際上,它受到社會成員直接利益權衡和信息傳播機制兩方面因素的影響。橫向政府的認同比較中,制度化的政治參與和社會成員的生態(tài)范圍是認同度的影響因素。在這兩方面的影響下,無論是人大機關還是公檢法,城鄉(xiāng)居民都表現(xiàn)出了較低的認同度。在三個層面的比較中,共同體認同水平最高,其次是典則認同,最后是當局認同。三者之間是順序依存的關系。 最后,根據(jù)城鄉(xiāng)各層次相同或相異認同度的原因,本文總結出了提升城鄉(xiāng)政治認同度的對策建議�？偣灿兴膫�方面：發(fā)展市場經(jīng)濟以增加政治認同物質(zhì)基礎及培育“民主人”的心理特質(zhì)；塑造普適性的主流意識形態(tài)并建立透明、民主的信息傳播機制；消除城鄉(xiāng)在就業(yè)、社保、醫(yī)療、土地政策方面的區(qū)別對待；完善基層民主制度以維護社會成員平等的政治參與權利。統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展是科學發(fā)展觀中“五個統(tǒng)籌”的重要一個方面,而且城市居民和農(nóng)村居民是社會成員的最基本分野。因此,改善城鄉(xiāng)關系,提高城鄉(xiāng)政治認同度關系到和諧社會的構建,關系到改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的大局。
[Abstract]:Since all the time, the urban-rural dual-social structure has been the scholar's disease. This research focuses on the objective difference between urban and rural areas, especially the imbalance between urban and rural areas, and inequality between citizens and farmers. But for the understanding of the relationship between the urban and rural areas, the subjective feelings about this objective difference and the influence of subjective psychology on the political system need to be studied deeply. After all, the subjective psychological level research can predict the political behavior and tendency of the members of society, and it is beneficial to the government to carry out the improvement measures in advance. Political identity provides us with this angle. It is the sense of belonging and dependence of the members of society to the political system, which is the important condition of the existence of the political system and the implementation of the government policy. Through empirical research, we can accurately and concretely grasp the present situation of urban and rural political identity. In this paper, we try to classify the political power's legitimacy level by using David Eastton, that is, the community, the ceremony, the three levels of the authorities, and the status quo of urban and rural political identity is carded out. Analysis. In the comparison of political identity at the community level of urban and rural communities, the data shows the high level of community recognition in both urban and rural areas, which can be made with the theory of ecological scope. Interpretation. In the comparison of political identity between urban and rural areas, the peasant phase is better than that of the public. The same degree. This is because the degree of recognition is subject to the standardization of system design and the fairness of system operation. Impact. The system construction since the reform and opening up and the value concept of people's livelihood have contributed to higher political recognition in both urban and rural areas In the same degree, after the material benefits are more satisfied, they show a higher level of standardization and fairness Expected. But compared with the actual system construction, they exist at the subjective psychological level The paper analyzes the political recognition of urban and rural authorities from two dimensions: the vertical government level and the horizontal government level. By comparison, the recognition of the longitudinal government by both urban and rural residents is not very different, and it shows that the recognition of the same degree by the central government to the local governments at all levels has gradually declined. Features. But the same degree of recognition is the phase In fact, it is influenced by the direct interests of members of society and the mechanism of information dissemination The influence of the transverse government's identity is that the institutionalized political participation and the ecological scope of the social members are the influence of the recognition degree. The influence of these two factors, whether the people's congress organ or the public inspection law, both urban and rural residents show a lower recognition At the same level, in the comparison of three levels, the community identity is the highest, followed by the code, and finally the authorities Identity. It's a sequential dependency between the three. Finally, according to the same or different degrees of similarity between urban and rural areas, this paper summarizes the degree of political recognition in urban and rural areas. A total of four areas: developing a market economy to increase political identity Quality foundation and culture To cultivate the psychological characteristics of "democracy"; to shape the mainstream ideology of universality and to establish a transparent and democratic information transmission mechanism; to eliminate the differences between urban and rural areas in employment, social security, medical treatment and land policy; improve the grass-roots democracy system to safeguard the equality of the members of the society Participate in the right to participate in urban and rural development On the View of Scientific Development One of the important aspects of the "five co-ordination" is that urban and rural residents are members of society Therefore, improve the urban-rural relations, improve the urban-rural political recognition relations to the construction of a harmonious society, relation to reform and development,
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D0
本文編號：2309004
[Abstract]:Since all the time, the urban-rural dual-social structure has been the scholar's disease. This research focuses on the objective difference between urban and rural areas, especially the imbalance between urban and rural areas, and inequality between citizens and farmers. But for the understanding of the relationship between the urban and rural areas, the subjective feelings about this objective difference and the influence of subjective psychology on the political system need to be studied deeply. After all, the subjective psychological level research can predict the political behavior and tendency of the members of society, and it is beneficial to the government to carry out the improvement measures in advance. Political identity provides us with this angle. It is the sense of belonging and dependence of the members of society to the political system, which is the important condition of the existence of the political system and the implementation of the government policy. Through empirical research, we can accurately and concretely grasp the present situation of urban and rural political identity. In this paper, we try to classify the political power's legitimacy level by using David Eastton, that is, the community, the ceremony, the three levels of the authorities, and the status quo of urban and rural political identity is carded out. Analysis. In the comparison of political identity at the community level of urban and rural communities, the data shows the high level of community recognition in both urban and rural areas, which can be made with the theory of ecological scope. Interpretation. In the comparison of political identity between urban and rural areas, the peasant phase is better than that of the public. The same degree. This is because the degree of recognition is subject to the standardization of system design and the fairness of system operation. Impact. The system construction since the reform and opening up and the value concept of people's livelihood have contributed to higher political recognition in both urban and rural areas In the same degree, after the material benefits are more satisfied, they show a higher level of standardization and fairness Expected. But compared with the actual system construction, they exist at the subjective psychological level The paper analyzes the political recognition of urban and rural authorities from two dimensions: the vertical government level and the horizontal government level. By comparison, the recognition of the longitudinal government by both urban and rural residents is not very different, and it shows that the recognition of the same degree by the central government to the local governments at all levels has gradually declined. Features. But the same degree of recognition is the phase In fact, it is influenced by the direct interests of members of society and the mechanism of information dissemination The influence of the transverse government's identity is that the institutionalized political participation and the ecological scope of the social members are the influence of the recognition degree. The influence of these two factors, whether the people's congress organ or the public inspection law, both urban and rural residents show a lower recognition At the same level, in the comparison of three levels, the community identity is the highest, followed by the code, and finally the authorities Identity. It's a sequential dependency between the three. Finally, according to the same or different degrees of similarity between urban and rural areas, this paper summarizes the degree of political recognition in urban and rural areas. A total of four areas: developing a market economy to increase political identity Quality foundation and culture To cultivate the psychological characteristics of "democracy"; to shape the mainstream ideology of universality and to establish a transparent and democratic information transmission mechanism; to eliminate the differences between urban and rural areas in employment, social security, medical treatment and land policy; improve the grass-roots democracy system to safeguard the equality of the members of the society Participate in the right to participate in urban and rural development On the View of Scientific Development One of the important aspects of the "five co-ordination" is that urban and rural residents are members of society Therefore, improve the urban-rural relations, improve the urban-rural political recognition relations to the construction of a harmonious society, relation to reform and development,
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D0
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