【摘要】：建構(gòu)主義的發(fā)展令亞歷山大.溫特認(rèn)識(shí)到建構(gòu)主義仍然存在的一些學(xué)理空間和發(fā)展趨向問(wèn)題。其中有兩個(gè)方面值得注意：一是理論層次的拓展延伸，二是理論內(nèi)涵的深化。建構(gòu)主義與國(guó)際政治兩大主流理論融合并試圖建立新的理論，這無(wú)疑是一個(gè)大膽的設(shè)想，因此也引起了學(xué)界的高度關(guān)注。 根據(jù)溫特和巴爾金的邏輯分別對(duì)建構(gòu)主義的理論融合進(jìn)行探討。前者認(rèn)為建構(gòu)主義由于采用結(jié)構(gòu)主義、國(guó)家中心主義，因而含有現(xiàn)實(shí)主義成分；同時(shí)他又對(duì)國(guó)際社會(huì)的演進(jìn)持有樂(lè)觀精神，這使建構(gòu)主義又有自由主義的一面。后者主要批判溫特理論本質(zhì)上是自由主義。鑒于此，要討論建構(gòu)主義的融合問(wèn)題，應(yīng)當(dāng)首先對(duì)建構(gòu)主義的理論背景進(jìn)行介紹。建構(gòu)主義源自社會(huì)學(xué)的批判理論，在發(fā)展過(guò)程中主要通過(guò)批判新現(xiàn)實(shí)主義進(jìn)行理論闡述，被稱為建構(gòu)主義的國(guó)際政治理論。 其次，探討建構(gòu)主義與現(xiàn)實(shí)主義以及和自由主義的關(guān)系。一方面，建構(gòu)主義與現(xiàn)實(shí)主義有著科學(xué)實(shí)在論的理論基礎(chǔ)，相似的結(jié)構(gòu)主義理論框架，高度的國(guó)家中心主義，但本體論的差別決定二者很難融合；另一方面，建構(gòu)主義與自由主義有著極高的相似度。一是認(rèn)識(shí)論相同，二是強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，三是“觀念無(wú)處不在”是理論的核心內(nèi)容。通過(guò)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，建構(gòu)主義較自由主義國(guó)際理論表現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的理想主義色彩。 建構(gòu)主義自由主義傾向問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵在于，溫特的理論不僅是社會(huì)理論，更應(yīng)是國(guó)際政治理論。建構(gòu)主義在解釋無(wú)政府主義時(shí)，康德主義一直飽受爭(zhēng)議，同為社會(huì)理論的英國(guó)學(xué)派卻認(rèn)為康德主義價(jià)值中立。二者的不同之處源于英國(guó)學(xué)派深受格勞修斯主義影響，，從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)理論中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)，貼近國(guó)際政治現(xiàn)實(shí)。英國(guó)學(xué)派以歷史和社會(huì)眼光洞察世界，將國(guó)際社會(huì)和世界社會(huì)稱為成熟的無(wú)政府主義。 最后，在進(jìn)行理論融合的過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)建構(gòu)主義自身存在的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：一是從未系統(tǒng)闡述自身理論；二是實(shí)踐過(guò)程中缺少可操作性。針對(duì)存在的問(wèn)題，一方面，根據(jù)索緒爾結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論重新修訂建構(gòu)主義的結(jié)構(gòu)觀；另一方面，充分考慮民族主義、主權(quán)問(wèn)題、國(guó)內(nèi)政治等因素對(duì)于國(guó)家互動(dòng)的影響。此外，將博弈論引入建構(gòu)主義將使建構(gòu)主義煥發(fā)出更強(qiáng)的“生命力”。
[Abstract]:The development of constructivism made Alexander. Winter recognized that constructivism still has some theoretical space and developmental trends. There are two aspects that deserve attention: the extension of theoretical level and the deepening of theoretical connotation. The combination of constructivism and international politics and attempts to establish new theories is undoubtedly a bold idea, which has aroused great concern in academic circles. According to the logic of Winter and Balkin, this paper discusses the theory fusion of constructivism. The former holds that constructivism contains realism because of its structuralism and state-centrism, and at the same time he holds the optimistic spirit for the evolution of international society, which makes constructivism have a liberal side. The latter mainly criticizes that Winter's theory is essentially liberalism. In view of this, to discuss the integration of constructivism, we should first introduce the theoretical background of constructivism. Constructivism originates from the critical theory of sociology. In the process of development, constructivism is described mainly by criticizing neo-realism, which is called the international political theory of constructivism. Secondly, it discusses the relationship between constructivism and realism and liberalism. On the one hand, constructivism and realism have the theoretical foundation of scientific realism, similar structuralism theory frame, high state centralism, but the difference of ontology makes it difficult to merge them. On the other hand, constructivism and liberalism have very high similarity. One is that epistemology is the same, the other is the emphasis on social progress, and the third is that "concept everywhere" is the core of the theory. It is found that constructivism is more idealistic than liberal international theory. The key to the problem of constructivist liberalism is that Winter's theory is not only social theory, but also international political theory. Constructivism has been controversial in explaining anarchism, but the English school, which is also a social theory, considers Kant's value neutral. The difference between the two is that the English school was deeply influenced by Grothesianism and drew experience from the theory of war and drew close to the international political reality. The British school has a historical and social insight into the world and calls the international community and the world community a mature anarchism. Finally, in the process of theoretical integration, we find two problems of constructivism itself: one is never systematically expounding its own theory, the other is the lack of maneuverability in the process of practice. In view of the existing problems, on the one hand, according to Saussure's structural linguistics theory, the constructivist structural view is revised; on the other hand, the influence of nationalism, sovereignty, domestic politics and other factors on the interaction of the state is fully considered. In addition, the introduction of game theory into constructivism will give constructivism a stronger vitality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D0

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