托洛茨基主義的歷史演進研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-11 11:03
【摘要】：托洛茨基主義是當代國外主要的社會主義思潮之一,歷經近百年的發(fā)展作為一種思潮、派別、運動始終活躍在世界社會主義運動的舞臺上。自20世紀二三十年代產生以來,托洛茨基主義經歷了不斷的危機、調整與發(fā)展變化,理論方面,秉承著不斷革命論和世界革命論,托洛茨基主義發(fā)展了一系列獨具特色的理論主張;組織方面,托派的發(fā)展經歷了早期左翼反對派逐步發(fā)展到第四國際的時期以及不斷危機與理論調整的復雜時期,逐步形成了今天相對分散的力量格局;實踐上,托洛茨基主義力圖推動工人運動發(fā)展,運用革命的方式在世界范圍內統(tǒng)一建立起社會主義。自蘇東劇變以來,世界托派組織在面對更復雜外部局勢的同時,內部更是分崩離析。以托洛茨基主義作為指導思想的托派組織逐漸發(fā)展成為一支重要的極左派力量。托洛茨基主義在當前依然面臨著理論轉軌、組織統(tǒng)一和獲得群眾支持的現(xiàn)實挑戰(zhàn),亟待進一步的變革和調整。本文共分為六個部分,從歷史、理論和現(xiàn)狀三個維度,對托洛茨基主義的思想理論和實踐活動進行最新考察和全面深入的剖析。第一部分闡述了托洛茨基主義作為一個名詞到發(fā)展為一種思潮、派別、和運動的概念演變,并客觀的分析了托洛茨基主義的產生不僅與俄國特殊的歷史有關,與歐洲資本主義的發(fā)展也有密切的聯(lián)系。第二部分論述了托洛茨基主義產生初期的基本表現(xiàn),期間的托洛茨基主義以不斷革命論為指導,成立了國內左翼反對派、國際左翼反對派等來組織自己的實踐活動。第三部分闡明托洛茨基主義在1938年后遭受革命導師被暗殺以及革命失敗主義的挫折陷入危機后所表現(xiàn)出來的理論與現(xiàn)實脫節(jié)等缺陷,并闡明其為自身的發(fā)展作出的適應性調整。第四部分剖析了托洛茨基主義在1968年后基于資本主義危機而進入短暫振興發(fā)展期的態(tài)勢。第五部闡明托洛茨基主義在1991年后面對新的時代條件進行了理論新反思、重組托派運動而進入平穩(wěn)發(fā)展期。第六部分分析了托洛茨基主義的極左派立場,指明當前托洛茨基主義基于極左立場的束縛而無法擺脫分裂現(xiàn)狀的現(xiàn)實困境。研究托洛茨基主義的歷史演變、理論主張和實踐活動,對于正確把握托洛茨基主義發(fā)展規(guī)律和托派組織活動狀態(tài)具有重要作用,有助于我們厘清馬克思主義與非馬克思主義、科學社會主義與其他社會主義的界限,對于全面把握當今世界社會主義運動發(fā)展狀況具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Trotsky Doctrine is one of the main socialist trends in contemporary foreign countries. After nearly 100 years of development, as a trend of thought, faction, the movement has always been active in the stage of the world socialist movement. Since the emergence of Trotskyism in the 1920s and 1930s, Trotskyism has experienced constant crisis, adjustment, development and change. In theory, Trotskyism is adhering to the theory of continuous revolution and the theory of world revolution. Trotskyism has developed a series of unique theoretical propositions. In the organizational aspect, the development of Trotskyism has experienced a period of gradual development of the early left-wing opposition to the fourth International, as well as a complex period of constant crisis and theoretical adjustment. In practice, Trotsky tried to promote the development of the workers' movement and to unify and build socialism in the world by means of revolution. Since the upheaval of Soviet Union and East Europe, the Trotskyist organization is facing more complicated external situation, but it is also falling apart. Trotskyism as the guiding ideology of the Trotskyism gradually developed into an important far-left force. At present, Trotskyism is still facing the realistic challenge of theoretical transformation, organizational unity and the support of the masses, so it is urgent to make further changes and adjustments. This article is divided into six parts, from the historical, theoretical and current three dimensions, Trotsky's ideological theory and practice of the latest investigation and comprehensive in-depth analysis. The first part expounds the evolution of the concept of Trotskyism as a noun to development into a trend of thought, faction, and movement, and objectively analyzes the emergence of Trotsky not only related to the special history of Russia. There are also close ties to the development of capitalism in Europe. The second part discusses the basic performance of Trotskyism at the beginning of its emergence. Trotskyism was guided by the theory of continuous revolution and organized its own practice activities, such as the domestic left-wing opposition and the international left-wing opposition. The third part expounds the defects of Trotsky doctrine after the assassination of its revolutionary mentor after 1938 and the disconnect between theory and reality after the setbacks of revolutionary defeatism fall into crisis, and expounds its adaptive adjustment for its own development. The fourth part analyzes the trend of Trotskyism in the period of brief rejuvenation and development based on capitalist crisis after 1968. The fifth part expounds that Trotskyism reconsidered in theory after 1991 and reorganized the Trotskyism movement into a stable development period. The sixth part analyzes the extreme left position of Trotskyism and points out that Trotsky is unable to get rid of the reality predicament of split status quo because of the bondage of extreme left position. The study of the historical evolution of Trotskyism, its theoretical propositions and practical activities plays an important role in correctly grasping the law of Trotskyism's development and the state of Trotskyism's organizational activities, which is helpful for us to clarify Marxism and non-Marxism. The boundary between scientific socialism and other socialism has important theoretical and practical significance for grasping the development of socialist movement in the world.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D091.6
本文編號：2263954
[Abstract]:Trotsky Doctrine is one of the main socialist trends in contemporary foreign countries. After nearly 100 years of development, as a trend of thought, faction, the movement has always been active in the stage of the world socialist movement. Since the emergence of Trotskyism in the 1920s and 1930s, Trotskyism has experienced constant crisis, adjustment, development and change. In theory, Trotskyism is adhering to the theory of continuous revolution and the theory of world revolution. Trotskyism has developed a series of unique theoretical propositions. In the organizational aspect, the development of Trotskyism has experienced a period of gradual development of the early left-wing opposition to the fourth International, as well as a complex period of constant crisis and theoretical adjustment. In practice, Trotsky tried to promote the development of the workers' movement and to unify and build socialism in the world by means of revolution. Since the upheaval of Soviet Union and East Europe, the Trotskyist organization is facing more complicated external situation, but it is also falling apart. Trotskyism as the guiding ideology of the Trotskyism gradually developed into an important far-left force. At present, Trotskyism is still facing the realistic challenge of theoretical transformation, organizational unity and the support of the masses, so it is urgent to make further changes and adjustments. This article is divided into six parts, from the historical, theoretical and current three dimensions, Trotsky's ideological theory and practice of the latest investigation and comprehensive in-depth analysis. The first part expounds the evolution of the concept of Trotskyism as a noun to development into a trend of thought, faction, and movement, and objectively analyzes the emergence of Trotsky not only related to the special history of Russia. There are also close ties to the development of capitalism in Europe. The second part discusses the basic performance of Trotskyism at the beginning of its emergence. Trotskyism was guided by the theory of continuous revolution and organized its own practice activities, such as the domestic left-wing opposition and the international left-wing opposition. The third part expounds the defects of Trotsky doctrine after the assassination of its revolutionary mentor after 1938 and the disconnect between theory and reality after the setbacks of revolutionary defeatism fall into crisis, and expounds its adaptive adjustment for its own development. The fourth part analyzes the trend of Trotskyism in the period of brief rejuvenation and development based on capitalist crisis after 1968. The fifth part expounds that Trotskyism reconsidered in theory after 1991 and reorganized the Trotskyism movement into a stable development period. The sixth part analyzes the extreme left position of Trotskyism and points out that Trotsky is unable to get rid of the reality predicament of split status quo because of the bondage of extreme left position. The study of the historical evolution of Trotskyism, its theoretical propositions and practical activities plays an important role in correctly grasping the law of Trotskyism's development and the state of Trotskyism's organizational activities, which is helpful for us to clarify Marxism and non-Marxism. The boundary between scientific socialism and other socialism has important theoretical and practical significance for grasping the development of socialist movement in the world.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D091.6
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