【摘要】：西方資本主義社會(huì)在工業(yè)化進(jìn)程中被一種斷裂的文化精神所制約,作為主體的人并沒(méi)有從自然的奴役中解放出來(lái),日益盛行的理性主義文化成為了人交往利益化,壓抑自由、扭曲價(jià)值的異化力量;在政治上代議制民主與自由式民主之間的割裂、分化在政治民主政治實(shí)踐中突顯出來(lái)的內(nèi)在“基因缺陷”將民主帶入絕對(duì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境之中。理性主義的文化危機(jī)與陷入困境中的政治危機(jī)成為資本主義社會(huì)突出的矛盾,要想從整體上認(rèn)識(shí)、變革社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)就得突破民主政治的障礙進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)新的民主創(chuàng)新。哈貝馬斯在汲取了盧梭、康德、韋伯等人的思想的基礎(chǔ)上,立足于民主化浪潮的兩大主流民主模式——代議制民主和自由式民主,提出突出人的主體間性的協(xié)商民主模式。哈貝馬斯的協(xié)商民主主張公民基于道德普遍化原則規(guī)范下通過(guò)在政治公共領(lǐng)域的生活世界中對(duì)話、交流、自由辯論,協(xié)商一致,形成非正式的意見或意志,這些意見或意志進(jìn)而通過(guò)正式的程序上升為合乎理性的法律。這為人類的民主發(fā)展開辟一條嶄新道路。目前我國(guó)正處于由“發(fā)展中”向“后發(fā)展”社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的路口。轉(zhuǎn)型之路利益紛爭(zhēng)不斷,矛盾重重,協(xié)商民主模式對(duì)于公民在理性交往基礎(chǔ)上去共同協(xié)調(diào)利益關(guān)系,解決社會(huì)矛盾,規(guī)范政府和公民權(quán)力以及實(shí)現(xiàn)公民的話語(yǔ)解放具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:The western capitalist society is restricted by a broken cultural spirit in the process of industrialization. The human being as the subject has not been liberated from the enslavement of nature, and the increasingly prevailing rationalism culture has become the benefit of human communication and the suppression of freedom. The dissimilation power of distorting value, the disjunction between representative democracy and liberal democracy in politics, the inherent "genetic defect" which is highlighted in the practice of political democracy, brings democracy into the absolute realistic predicament. The cultural crisis of rationalism and the political crisis in predicament have become a prominent contradiction in capitalist society. If we want to understand the whole situation, we must break through the obstacles of democratic politics and carry on a new democratic innovation in order to change the social reality. On the basis of absorbing the thoughts of Rousseau, Kant, Weber and others, Habermas put forward the deliberative democracy model, which is prominent in the inter-subjectivity of human beings, based on the two main democratic modes of democratization: representative democracy and freestyle democracy. Habermas's consultative democracy advocates that citizens form an informal opinion or will through dialogue, exchange, free debate, consensus and consensus in the world of life in the political public sphere, based on the principle of moral universality. These opinions or will, in turn, rise to rational law through formal procedures. This opens a new way for the democratic development of mankind. At present, our country is at the intersection of social transition from "developing" to "developing". The path of transformation is characterized by numerous conflicts of interests. The model of deliberative democracy is for citizens to coordinate their interests and resolve social contradictions on the basis of rational communication. It is of great practical significance to standardize government and civil power and realize civil discourse liberation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D091

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