1901-1924年伯恩施坦的思想研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-05 19:00
【摘要】： 伯恩施坦是國際共運史上著名理論家和實踐活動家,是我們常說的“修正主義”創(chuàng)始人。 19世紀(jì)末,資本主義國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮,階級矛盾的緩和使伯恩施坦對傳統(tǒng)馬克思主義理論發(fā)生懷疑,后于1899年2月寫成《社會主義的前提和社會民主黨的任務(wù)》(以下簡稱為《前提和任務(wù)》)一書,對馬克思主義從哲學(xué)、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、科學(xué)社會主義學(xué)說等三個方面進(jìn)行修正。 《前提與任務(wù)》一經(jīng)出版即在德國社會民主黨內(nèi)外引起強(qiáng)烈反響,遭到黨內(nèi)左派和中派的批判,且是德國社會民主黨1899年、1901年、1902年、1903年黨代表大會爭論的焦點。正是在這種情況下,伯恩施坦于1901年2月回到德國后,一方面作為國會議員積極參加議會活動,另一方面繼續(xù)發(fā)表文章,為自己的觀點進(jìn)行辯護(hù)。 本文分為引言和正文兩大部分。引言簡要介紹了伯恩施坦理論形成過程和1901年回德國后的實踐活動及發(fā)表的著作,以及論文選題的意義和研究方法。 正文分為四個部分。第一部分介紹了伯恩施坦1901年前的實踐活動和思想理論,以便對伯恩施坦及其理論有一個總體認(rèn)識,同時也是為了引起下文�！肚疤岷腿蝿�(wù)》的發(fā)表引起了一系列的批評與爭論,正是在這種情況下,伯恩施坦于1901年2月回到德國后,繼續(xù)發(fā)表文章,為自己的觀點進(jìn)行辯護(hù)。 第二部分按照時間順序介紹了伯恩施坦回到德國后的實踐活動。1901年2月回到德國后,伯恩施坦發(fā)表了一系列文章繼續(xù)為《前提和任務(wù)》中的觀點進(jìn)行辯護(hù)。且從1902到1906年間連續(xù)幾年任德意志帝國國會議員,之后,1912年到1918年又再度連任國會議員,他是作為德國社會民主黨議會黨團(tuán)成員之一在議會中活動的。同時參加了社會民主黨歷次黨代表大會,還參加了歷次第二國際代表大會,在此期間一直是社會民主黨的著名活動家。 第三部分分析了伯恩施坦這一時期的文章和言論。這一時期的文章和言論主要體現(xiàn)了四個方面的思想:一、否認(rèn)馬克思主義社會主義學(xué)說的科學(xué)性,強(qiáng)調(diào)最終目的是空想,繼續(xù)宣揚(yáng)“和平長入社會主義論”;二、繼續(xù)論證其理論的必要性和正當(dāng)性;三、對待工人政治罷工的態(tài)度;四、關(guān)于實現(xiàn)社會主義的途徑。 第四部分,對伯恩施坦修正主義的幾點評價。首先,伯恩施坦的思想理論不是資產(chǎn)階級的改良主義,它是一種改良主義的社會主義理論。第二,在資本主義發(fā)展?fàn)顩r問題上,伯恩施坦的眼光比較敏銳,確實看到了不同于馬克思和恩格斯所預(yù)言的情況,并注重對這些情況的研究,但觀點往往有些偏激。第三,伯恩施坦修正主義理論的核心觀點就是利用民主權(quán)利進(jìn)行議會斗爭,走和平長入社會主義的道路,這種觀點是有道理的,但伯恩施坦把它給絕對化了。第四,對科學(xué)社會主義學(xué)說的科學(xué)性的認(rèn)定具有局限性。
[Abstract]:Bernstein was a famous theorist and activist in the history of the international communist movement, and was the founder of what we often call "revisionism." at the end of the 19th century, the economy of capitalist countries flourished. The relaxation of class contradictions led Bernstein to doubt the traditional Marxist theory, and in February 1899 he wrote the book "the premise of Socialism and the tasks of the Social Democratic Party" (hereinafter referred to as "premises and tasks"). To revise Marxism from three aspects: philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialist theory. Once published, the premise and Task aroused a strong response inside and outside the German Social Democratic Party. It was criticized by the left and the center of the party, and was the focus of controversy in the German Social Democratic Party in 1899, 1901, 1902, 1903. It was in this context that after Bernstein returned to Germany in February 1901, he took an active part in Parliament as a member of Parliament and continued to publish articles defending his views. This paper is divided into two parts: introduction and text. The introduction briefly introduces the forming process of Bernstein's theory, the practical activities and published works after he returned to Germany in 1901, and the significance and research methods of the selected topic of the thesis. The text is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the practice and theory of Bernstein before 1901, in order to have a general understanding of Bernstein and his theory, but also in order to cause a series of criticism and controversy about the publication of "premise and Task". It was in this context that Bernstein returned to Germany in February 1901 and continued to publish articles defending his views. The second part introduces the practice of Bernstein after returning to Germany in time order. After he returned to Germany in February 1901, Bernstein published a series of articles to defend the viewpoint of premise and task. He served on the Reich for several consecutive years from 1902 to 1906 and was re-elected from 1912 to 1918 as a member of the German Social Democratic parliamentary caucus. He also participated in the Social Democratic Party Congress and the second International Congress, during which he was a famous activist of the Social Democratic Party. The third part analyzes the articles and remarks of Burnstein in this period. The articles and speeches of this period mainly embodied four aspects of thought: first, to deny the scientific nature of the Marxist theory of socialism, to emphasize that the ultimate goal is utopia, and to continue to preach "peace grows into the theory of socialism"; Continue to demonstrate the necessity and legitimacy of its theory; third, the attitude towards workers' political strike; fourth, the way to realize socialism. The fourth part is the evaluation of Bernstein's revisionism. First of all, Bernstein's ideological theory is not bourgeois reformism, it is a reformist socialist theory. Second, on the development of capitalism, Bernstein has a sharp eye, which is different from that predicted by Marx and Engels, and pays attention to the study of these situations, but his views are often somewhat extreme. Third, the central point of Bernstein's revisionist theory is to make use of democratic rights to struggle in parliament and take the path of peace to socialism, which is justified, but Bernstein has made it absolute. Fourth, the scientific theory of scientific socialism has limitations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D091
本文編號：2225177
[Abstract]:Bernstein was a famous theorist and activist in the history of the international communist movement, and was the founder of what we often call "revisionism." at the end of the 19th century, the economy of capitalist countries flourished. The relaxation of class contradictions led Bernstein to doubt the traditional Marxist theory, and in February 1899 he wrote the book "the premise of Socialism and the tasks of the Social Democratic Party" (hereinafter referred to as "premises and tasks"). To revise Marxism from three aspects: philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialist theory. Once published, the premise and Task aroused a strong response inside and outside the German Social Democratic Party. It was criticized by the left and the center of the party, and was the focus of controversy in the German Social Democratic Party in 1899, 1901, 1902, 1903. It was in this context that after Bernstein returned to Germany in February 1901, he took an active part in Parliament as a member of Parliament and continued to publish articles defending his views. This paper is divided into two parts: introduction and text. The introduction briefly introduces the forming process of Bernstein's theory, the practical activities and published works after he returned to Germany in 1901, and the significance and research methods of the selected topic of the thesis. The text is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the practice and theory of Bernstein before 1901, in order to have a general understanding of Bernstein and his theory, but also in order to cause a series of criticism and controversy about the publication of "premise and Task". It was in this context that Bernstein returned to Germany in February 1901 and continued to publish articles defending his views. The second part introduces the practice of Bernstein after returning to Germany in time order. After he returned to Germany in February 1901, Bernstein published a series of articles to defend the viewpoint of premise and task. He served on the Reich for several consecutive years from 1902 to 1906 and was re-elected from 1912 to 1918 as a member of the German Social Democratic parliamentary caucus. He also participated in the Social Democratic Party Congress and the second International Congress, during which he was a famous activist of the Social Democratic Party. The third part analyzes the articles and remarks of Burnstein in this period. The articles and speeches of this period mainly embodied four aspects of thought: first, to deny the scientific nature of the Marxist theory of socialism, to emphasize that the ultimate goal is utopia, and to continue to preach "peace grows into the theory of socialism"; Continue to demonstrate the necessity and legitimacy of its theory; third, the attitude towards workers' political strike; fourth, the way to realize socialism. The fourth part is the evaluation of Bernstein's revisionism. First of all, Bernstein's ideological theory is not bourgeois reformism, it is a reformist socialist theory. Second, on the development of capitalism, Bernstein has a sharp eye, which is different from that predicted by Marx and Engels, and pays attention to the study of these situations, but his views are often somewhat extreme. Third, the central point of Bernstein's revisionist theory is to make use of democratic rights to struggle in parliament and take the path of peace to socialism, which is justified, but Bernstein has made it absolute. Fourth, the scientific theory of scientific socialism has limitations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D091
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 黃娟;伯恩施坦的核心思想研究[D];西安外國語大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號：2225177
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