【摘要】：作為布爾什維克、蘇聯(lián)和共產(chǎn)國(guó)際早期的重要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和卓越的馬克思主義理論家,托洛茨基博學(xué)多才,是一個(gè)思想偉人。他廣泛涉獵馬克思主義哲學(xué)、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、歷史學(xué)、文化藝術(shù)、軍事等領(lǐng)域,并都頗有建樹(shù)。作為馬克思主義的繼承者,托洛茨基的思想獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟,自成體系,其主要內(nèi)容大多屬于他將馬克思、恩格斯、列寧的思想與時(shí)代特征和革命實(shí)踐相結(jié)合并進(jìn)行獨(dú)特思考的產(chǎn)物。在國(guó)際共運(yùn)的譜系上,一般將其歸入激進(jìn)的“左派”行列。本論文主要圍繞托洛茨基的世界革命論展開(kāi)研究。除緒論外,全文共分為三個(gè)部分。第一部分論文從“形成的條件和基礎(chǔ)”和“形成與發(fā)展的階段”兩方面勾勒了托洛茨基世界革命論的形成背景和發(fā)展歷程,即從資本主義進(jìn)入帝國(guó)主義階段,時(shí)代主題是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與革命,國(guó)際社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)大發(fā)展的時(shí)代背景入手,分析了托洛茨基世界革命論形成的社會(huì)歷史條件,并在此基礎(chǔ)上把世界革命論的形成和發(fā)展劃分為萌芽、初步形成、成熟和繼續(xù)發(fā)展四個(gè)階段。第二部分是論文的重點(diǎn),系統(tǒng)梳理和解析托洛茨基世界革命論的內(nèi)涵和理論體系。首先,初步概括出世界革命論的內(nèi)涵,即以托洛茨基的歷史階段論和帝國(guó)主義論為前提,以無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)及其政黨的民族性和國(guó)際性理論為主體,提倡在世界范圍內(nèi)推動(dòng)和實(shí)施無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命的計(jì)劃、設(shè)想和學(xué)說(shuō),并著重指出世界革命的本質(zhì)。緊接著,本文從前提論、主體論、主題論、戰(zhàn)略與策略論等四個(gè)方面全面解析托洛茨基世界革命論的理論體系。通過(guò)對(duì)大量文獻(xiàn)的深入解讀,本文提出:歷史階段論和帝國(guó)主義論構(gòu)成了托洛茨基世界革命論的前提論,無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)及其政黨是托洛茨基世界革命的主體,民族民主革命與社會(huì)主義革命的不間斷性和社會(huì)主義革命由一國(guó)發(fā)展到多國(guó)的不間斷性是托洛茨基世界革命論的主題,同時(shí),為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他的世界革命理想,托洛茨基精心制定并實(shí)施了多項(xiàng)革命戰(zhàn)略和策略。第三部分是論文的結(jié)尾部分,對(duì)托洛茨基的世界革命論做出總體評(píng)價(jià)。首先從這一理論與第四國(guó)際、民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)和蘇聯(lián)政治革命的關(guān)系三個(gè)方面梳理該理論的歷史影響,在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)這一理論的合理性和空想性做出較為客觀的評(píng)判和分析,最后對(duì)其在馬克思主義發(fā)展史和人類(lèi)文明史上的歷史地位做出中肯評(píng)價(jià)。如果說(shuō)在托洛茨基的整個(gè)思想體系中不斷革命論處于“大腦”位置的話(huà),那么世界革命論就是“心臟”,二者相輔相成,共同構(gòu)成托洛茨基理論生命不息、革命不止的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力。世界革命的思想不僅為托洛茨基整個(gè)革命理論的發(fā)展和完善提供了一種現(xiàn)實(shí)的標(biāo)尺,而且不斷的影響到他對(duì)國(guó)際形勢(shì)發(fā)展前景的認(rèn)識(shí)。無(wú)論其最終成效如何,托洛茨基的這一革命理想至少為當(dāng)時(shí)的國(guó)際共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)提供了又一種可能性的選項(xiàng),拓展并延伸了馬克思和列寧的社會(huì)主義革命理論,并在實(shí)踐中推動(dòng)了國(guó)際共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展。毋庸諱言,從馬克思主義思想史的角度來(lái)說(shuō),在列寧之后,托洛茨基的理論建樹(shù)值得我們學(xué)習(xí)和探究。因而重視并深入研究托洛茨基的思想和理論大有裨益。當(dāng)然,本論文只是一個(gè)階段性成果,對(duì)托洛茨基的研究還遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束,有待后續(xù)的持續(xù)關(guān)注與進(jìn)一步深入研究。
[Abstract]:As an important early leader of the Bolsheviks, the Soviet Union and the Communist International, and an outstanding Marxist theorist, Trotsky was versatile and a great thinker. He dabbled extensively in Marxist philosophy, political economy, history, culture and art, military and other fields, and made great achievements. Lotsky's thought is unique and self-contained, and its main content is mostly the product of his unique thinking which combines Marx, Engels and Lenin's thought with the characteristics of the times and revolutionary practice. The first part of the paper outlines the background and development of Trotsky's world revolutionary theory from the two aspects of "formation conditions and foundation" and "formation and development stage". That is, from capitalism to imperialism, the theme of the times is war and revolution. Starting with the background of the great development of the international socialist movement, this paper analyzes the social and historical conditions for the formation of Trotsky's world revolutionary theory, and on this basis divides the formation and development of the world revolutionary theory into four stages: germination, preliminary formation, maturity and continued development. The second part is the focus of the paper, systematically combing and analyzing Trotsky's world revolutionary theory. The connotation and theoretical system of the world revolutionary theory. First, the connotation of the world revolutionary theory is preliminarily summarized, that is, on the premise of Trotsky's theory of historical stages and imperialism, taking the national and international theories of the proletariat and its political parties as the main body, advocating the promotion and implementation of the proletarian revolutionary plan, assumption and Implementation worldwide. Next, this paper analyzes the theoretical system of Trotsky's world revolution from four aspects: premise theory, subject theory, theme theory, strategy and strategy theory. The premise of the theory is that the proletariat and its political parties are the main body of Trotsky's world revolution. The uninterrupted nature of the national democratic revolution and the socialist revolution and the uninterrupted nature of the socialist revolution from one country to many countries are the themes of Trotsky's world revolution. At the same time, Trotsky elaborated to realize his ideal of world revolution. The third part is the concluding part of the thesis, which makes an overall evaluation of Trotsky's world revolutionary theory. Firstly, it combs the historical influence of Trotsky's theory from three aspects: the relationship between the theory and the Fourth International, the national liberation movement and the Soviet Union's political revolution, and on the basis of which the rationality of the theory is put forward. And utopianism to make a more objective evaluation and analysis, and finally to make a pertinent evaluation of its historical status in the history of Marxist development and human civilization. The thought of world revolution not only provides a realistic criterion for the development and perfection of Trotsky's whole revolutionary theory, but also influences his understanding of the development prospects of the international situation. I want to provide at least another possible option for the international communist movement at that time, expand and extend Marx and Lenin's theory of socialist revolution, and promote the development of the international communist movement in practice. Needless to say, from the perspective of the history of Marxist thought, Trotsky's theory after Lenin Therefore, it is of great benefit to attach importance to and study Trotsky's thoughts and theories. Of course, this paper is only a stage result, and the study of Trotsky is far from over, which needs further and sustained attention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D02

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本文編號(hào)：2220245