【摘要】：公民身份作為政治理論的一個重要概念,無論是在學(xué)術(shù)研究還是在社會實踐中都發(fā)揮著重要作用。首先,其作為劃分政治共同體的邊界的結(jié)果,它規(guī)定著哪些人是或者哪些人不是某一政治共同體中的正式成員,這就意味著不同的個體與共同體之間有著不同的互惠的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系。其次,公民身份作為共同體賦予其中的個體一種平等的地位,所有擁有這種地位的人在權(quán)利和義務(wù)上的一律平等,這樣,公民身份就被當(dāng)做一種處于不斷發(fā)展完善過程中的平等制度,通過公民身份所包含權(quán)利的不斷擴(kuò)展以及被賦予公民身份人數(shù)的不斷增加使整個社會實現(xiàn)更加的平等。再次,公民身份還蘊(yùn)含著公民道德和公共精神,而公共道德和公共精神與共同體的傳統(tǒng)文化密切相關(guān),主要包括公民參與以及對共同體存在和發(fā)展的持續(xù)關(guān)注等等。以上是對公民身份概念幾種不同的解釋,那么,到底什么是公民身份?其作為一項制度是如何發(fā)展起來的?它與社會階級、社會平等之間的關(guān)系如何? 本文試圖以公民身份的歷史演變過程以及馬歇爾公民身份哲學(xué)內(nèi)涵為公民身份理論建構(gòu)一個解讀視角。在探討了公民身份從其源頭即古希臘時期封閉的小規(guī)模的共同體發(fā)展到近代以來的普遍平等的過程,即從古典的道德至上、義務(wù)至上的公民身份向物質(zhì)主義、權(quán)利至上的公民身份的轉(zhuǎn)換問題的基礎(chǔ)上,主要論述了馬歇爾的公民身份理論及其哲學(xué)內(nèi)涵,探索馬歇爾利用公民身份所具有的平等內(nèi)涵去調(diào)節(jié)資本主義社會的不平等問題,分析公民身份在資本主義社會突破其所固有的階級矛盾而實現(xiàn)持續(xù)發(fā)展過程中所發(fā)揮的重要作用。 本文分為四章,第一章緒論說明了本文的研究源起、研究意義、相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)、研究方法,簡要梳理了公民身份的概念,并提出公民身份的一般概念。第二章是公民身份史的簡要回顧,從古希臘羅馬時期道德至上的公民身份到中世紀(jì)具有過渡性質(zhì)的公民身份再到近代自由主義權(quán)利觀指導(dǎo)下的公民身份,構(gòu)成了公民身份發(fā)展的一般歷史,為第三章馬歇爾公民身份理論的出現(xiàn)奠定了宏觀背景。第三章主要是對馬歇爾公民身份理論的解讀,在簡單梳理其理論的基礎(chǔ)上,試圖從政治哲學(xué)的視角發(fā)現(xiàn)其公民身份理論背后的深刻內(nèi)涵,及公民身份與社會階級之間的關(guān)系問題。第四章是馬歇爾公民身份理論的回響,闡述了一批西方學(xué)者在批判馬歇爾公民身份理論的基礎(chǔ)上,對公民身份理論的進(jìn)一步推進(jìn),其實也是側(cè)面上梳理了馬歇爾之后公民身份理論的進(jìn)展情況。結(jié)語部分分析了我國公民身份的發(fā)展情況,包括發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展動力以及發(fā)展特征等。
[Abstract]:Citizenship, as an important concept of political theory, plays an important role in both academic research and social practice. First, as a result of the demarcation of the boundaries of the political community, it defines who is or is not a full member of a political community, This means that different individuals and communities have different reciprocal rights and obligations. Secondly, citizenship, as an equal status granted by the Community to the individual among them, is equal to the rights and duties of all those who have that status, so that, Citizenship is regarded as a kind of equality system in the process of continuous development and perfection. Through the continuous expansion of the rights contained in citizenship and the increasing number of people who are granted citizenship, the whole society can realize more equality. Thirdly, citizenship also contains civic morality and public spirit, which are closely related to the traditional culture of the community, including citizen participation and continuous attention to the existence and development of the community. These are several different interpretations of the concept of citizenship, so what exactly is citizenship? How did it develop as a system? What is the relationship between it and social class and social equality? This paper attempts to construct a perspective of citizenship theory based on the historical evolution of citizenship and the connotation of Marshall's citizenship philosophy. In this paper, the author discusses the process of citizenship developing from its origin, the closed community of ancient Greece, to the universal equality since modern times, that is, from the classical moral supremacy and the obligation supreme citizenship to materialism. On the basis of the transformation of the citizenship of the right supremacy, this paper mainly discusses Marshall's citizenship theory and its philosophical connotation, and probes into Marshall's use of the equality connotation of citizenship to regulate the inequality in the capitalist society. This paper analyzes the important role of citizenship in the process of realizing sustainable development in capitalist society by breaking through its inherent class contradictions. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the origin, significance, relevant literature, research methods, briefly combs the concept of citizenship, and puts forward the general concept of citizenship. The second chapter is a brief review of the history of citizenship, from the moral supremacy in ancient Greece and Rome to the transitional citizenship in the Middle Ages to the citizenship under the guidance of the modern liberal view of rights. It constitutes the general history of citizenship development and lays a macro background for the emergence of Marshall's citizenship theory. The third chapter is the interpretation of Marshall's citizenship theory, on the basis of simply combing his theory, trying to find the profound connotation of his citizenship theory from the perspective of political philosophy. And the relationship between citizenship and social class. The fourth chapter is the echo of Marshall's citizenship theory, which expounds a group of Western scholars on the basis of criticizing Marshall's citizenship theory to further promote the citizenship theory. In fact, it also combed the development of citizenship theory after Marshall. The conclusion part analyzes the development of Chinese citizenship, including the status quo, development motivation and development characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D081

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