【摘要】：中國的民本政治思想,可以分為民本(以儒家為代表)、非民本(以墨家為代表)及反民本(以法家為代表)三派。本文重點(diǎn)論述儒家民本政治思想,儒家民本思想是中華民族政治文化中極具個(gè)性的政治思想,主張以民為本。民本思想源于《尚書》“民惟邦本”之語,在春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期大國爭(zhēng)霸、禮崩樂壞的社會(huì)背景下,出現(xiàn)了許多展現(xiàn)先秦士人開放心態(tài)、偉大政治抱負(fù)、建立理想社會(huì)秩序的著作。其中有關(guān)民本政治的思想經(jīng)儒家繼承而發(fā)揚(yáng)光大,在長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩千多年的封建社會(huì)中,始終處于中國政治思想的中心地位。這與儒家民本政治思想據(jù)時(shí)代之需要而產(chǎn)生,因后世之變革而改良是分不開的,故其始終能居于中國政治思想的中心地位。一定程度上,可以稱其為中國政治文化的代表思想。儒家的民本思想起源于孔子,由孟子建立,荀子思想雖涉及君主觀點(diǎn),但究其思想核心,仍然是以民為本,故稱荀子也為儒家之代表。封建社會(huì),專制主義日盛,但“民惟邦本”、“民貴君輕”的提法卻始終未絕跡,直至孫中山先生“三民主義”的提出,給民本思想提供了現(xiàn)實(shí)可能性。直至新中國成立,特別是改革開放以來,社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)、以人為本、民主法治等一系列概念的提出,儒家民本思想中所蘊(yùn)含的積極內(nèi)容才得以顯現(xiàn)。作為中國政治哲學(xué)中具有巨大影響之一的民本思想,放之今日,儒家民本思想雖與社會(huì)主義民主政治之間已有很多現(xiàn)實(shí)局限,但就其理論體系所蘊(yùn)涵的積極內(nèi)容仍有益于我國當(dāng)今的社會(huì)主義建設(shè),我們依然可以辯證地繼承儒家民本思想的精華,真正使其利于社會(huì)發(fā)展,國家興盛。 本文將以先秦民本政治思想為理論起點(diǎn),重點(diǎn)論述儒家民本政治思想產(chǎn)生時(shí)代背景、理論內(nèi)涵以及對(duì)中國封建社會(huì)發(fā)展的影響,并結(jié)合胡錦濤提出的“和諧社會(huì)、以人為本”思想,賦予儒家的民本政治思想新的時(shí)代意義。
[Abstract]:Chinese people-oriented political thought can be divided into three groups: people-oriented (represented by Confucianism), non-people-oriented (represented by Mohism) and anti-people-oriented (represented by Legalists). This paper focuses on the Confucian people-oriented political thought, which is a highly individualized political thought in the Chinese political culture. The thought of people-oriented originated from the language of "the people but the state". Under the social background of the great powers fighting for hegemony and the bad etiquette in the Spring and Autumn and warring States period, there appeared many works showing the scholars' open mentality, great political ambition and establishing the ideal social order in the Pre-Qin Dynasty. In the feudal society for more than two thousand years, the thought of people-oriented politics has always been at the center of Chinese political thought. It is inseparable from the need of the times and the reform of the later generations, so it can always occupy the central position of Chinese political thought. To some extent, it can be called the representative thought of Chinese political culture. Confucian people-oriented thought originated from Confucius and was founded by Mencius. Although Xunzi thought involves the monarch's viewpoint, the core of his thought is still people-oriented, so Xunzi is also the representative of Confucianism. In feudal society, autocracy flourished, but the formulation of "the people based on the state" and "the people and the noble monarchies" never disappeared, until Mr. Sun Zhongshan's "the three people's principles" put forward, which provided the realistic possibility for the people-oriented thought. Until the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, socialist harmonious society, people-oriented, democracy and rule of law and a series of concepts, the Confucian people-oriented thought contained in the positive content can be revealed. As one of the great influences in Chinese political philosophy, the people-oriented thought, although the Confucian people-oriented thought has a lot of practical limitations between the Confucian people-oriented thought and socialist democratic politics, However, the positive contents contained in its theoretical system are still beneficial to the socialist construction of our country today. We can still dialectically inherit the essence of the Confucian people-oriented thought, and make it really conducive to the social development and the prosperity of the country. This article will take the pre-Qin people-oriented political thought as the theoretical starting point, emphatically discusses the Confucian people-oriented political thought generation background, the theoretical connotation and the influence to the Chinese feudal society development, and unifies the Hu Jintao proposed "the harmonious society", The thought of people-oriented endows the Confucian people-oriented political thought with new significance of the times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D092

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本文編號(hào)：2195299