【摘要】：在馬克思所構(gòu)建的唯物史觀理論體系中,市民社會概念起到了基礎(chǔ)性的支撐作用,并被當做其思想流變和升華的重要線索埋在了各個時期的文本之中。本文通過對市民社會概念歷史淵源的回溯以及對馬克思早期文本中相關(guān)線索的清理,深入其思想縱深,揭示出了市民社會概念發(fā)展演變的真實脈絡(luò)。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),馬克思是在兩種含義上使用市民社會這一概念的。從《黑格爾法哲學批判》到《巴黎手稿》時期,是馬克思市民社會概念確立與發(fā)展的時期。這一時期馬克思通過對市民社會訴諸于法哲學批判和政治經(jīng)濟學批判,奠定了市民社會決定政治國家的哲學原則,揭示了資本主義制度下市民社會的異化本質(zhì),并在此基礎(chǔ)之上制定出了對私有財產(chǎn)的積極揚棄即實現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)主義的宏偉目標。這一時期的市民社會概念主要用于指代資產(chǎn)階級社會。從《德意志意識形態(tài)》到《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》時期,是馬克思市民社會概念含義發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)向的時期。這一時期馬克思把對資本主義社會的政治經(jīng)濟學解剖作為對一切社會形態(tài)進行解剖的鑰匙,從中概括出了唯物史觀的三大原理并論證了資本主義社會必將走向滅亡,共產(chǎn)主義社會終將得以建立的歷史必然性。在這一時期,馬克思的市民社會概念由先前對資本主義社會的指代轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷ξ镔|(zhì)交往關(guān)系總和即經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)的指稱,這一轉(zhuǎn)變的完成同時標志著馬克思唯物史觀思想的正式問世。
[Abstract]:In the theoretical system of historical materialism constructed by Marx, the concept of civil society plays a basic supporting role, and is buried in the texts of each period as an important clue of its thought evolution and sublimation. By looking back at the historical origin of the concept of civil society and clearing up the relevant clues in Marx's early texts, this paper reveals the real context of the development and evolution of the concept of civil society. It is found that Marx used the concept of civil society in two meanings. From the critique of Hegel's philosophy of law to the period of Paris manuscripts, Marx's concept of civil society was established and developed. During this period, Marx appealed to the civil society to criticize the philosophy of law and the political economy, established the philosophical principle that the civil society decided the political state, and revealed the alienation essence of the civil society under the capitalist system. On this basis, the author formulated the grand goal of realizing communism by actively sublation of private property. The concept of civil society in this period was mainly used to refer to bourgeois society. The period from German ideology to Communist Manifesto is the period when the concept of Marx's civil society turned. In this period, Marx took the political economic anatomy of capitalist society as the key to dissection all social forms, summed up the three major principles of historical materialism and demonstrated that capitalist society would surely die out. The historical inevitability of a communist society that will eventually be established. During this period, Marx's concept of civil society changed from a reference to capitalist society to a reference to the sum of material intercourse relations, that is, the economic basis. The completion of this transformation also marked the formal appearance of Marx's historical materialism.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：A81;D032

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