【摘要】：現(xiàn)代政治是以政黨為核心展開的。立足社會，運行國家，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)社會進(jìn)步與發(fā)展是執(zhí)政黨存在的基本狀態(tài)；掌握和運行國家政權(quán)，是執(zhí)政黨執(zhí)政的政治前提；推進(jìn)國家與社會進(jìn)步，，是執(zhí)政黨執(zhí)政的使命與根本。在全球化和信息化的時代，各國執(zhí)政黨都面臨著共同的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會和國際問題的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。當(dāng)代西方國家政黨在長期的執(zhí)政實踐中采取的一系列政策和治國理政的舉措，順應(yīng)了生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，對改良資本主義體制起到了積極的推動作用。雖然我國與西方國家的政治制度不同，政治意識形態(tài)和價值觀也不同；但是，對當(dāng)代西方國家政黨的執(zhí)政理論以及執(zhí)政經(jīng)驗進(jìn)行實事求是的研究，有助于完善適合我國國情和我國發(fā)展需要的政黨政治，有助于執(zhí)政黨適應(yīng)潮流、自我革新和走向現(xiàn)代化。 本文以當(dāng)代西方政黨執(zhí)政理論作為研究的切入點，通過對當(dāng)代西方政黨的執(zhí)政概念、執(zhí)政流程圖式、執(zhí)政的法律基礎(chǔ)、執(zhí)政的挑戰(zhàn)與應(yīng)對等問題的分析和研究，認(rèn)識個性、把握共性，總結(jié)當(dāng)代西方政黨在執(zhí)政方面可以借鑒的經(jīng)驗，以期對我國政黨建設(shè)提供一定啟示和借鑒作用。 全文共分為五章： 緒論部分主要介紹了本論文選題的背景和意義，當(dāng)代西方政黨的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，研究思路與論文框架，以及論文的研究方法。 第一章：當(dāng)代西方政黨的執(zhí)政概念視野。首先闡述了政黨與執(zhí)政黨的概念、基本特征，以及政黨的功能作用；其次，從當(dāng)代西方政黨執(zhí)政的類分出發(fā)，分析了競爭性和壟斷性兩種不同性質(zhì)的政黨執(zhí)政結(jié)構(gòu)；同時還介紹了當(dāng)代西方政黨執(zhí)政的三種基本形式，單獨執(zhí)政、聯(lián)合執(zhí)政和地方執(zhí)政；最后從實施政策供給、制定法律法規(guī)、開展人事任命、進(jìn)行價值分配四個方面對當(dāng)代西方政黨執(zhí)政的基本方式進(jìn)行了論述。本章是整篇論文的基礎(chǔ)理論部分，為論文主體的后續(xù)論述奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。 第二章：當(dāng)代西方政黨的執(zhí)政流程圖式。本部分主要探討了當(dāng)代西方政黨的執(zhí)政理念、執(zhí)政路徑和執(zhí)政政策。執(zhí)政理念，通常是指執(zhí)政黨履行執(zhí)政任務(wù)、鞏固執(zhí)政地位的指導(dǎo)觀念以及在過程中所展示出來的責(zé)任意識。這一部分從西方執(zhí)政黨的政治理念、經(jīng)濟(jì)理念、社會理念和國際理念四個角度出發(fā)，深入論證了西方執(zhí)政黨的前途命運與執(zhí)政理念息息相關(guān)。當(dāng)代西方政黨多在競爭模式中執(zhí)政，要取得執(zhí)政地位就要首先參加選舉以獲取執(zhí)政資格，其次通過操縱議會來制定法規(guī)制度，再次介入政府來貫徹政黨主張。一個執(zhí)政黨所實施的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會政策是否能促進(jìn)和保障生產(chǎn)力的持續(xù)發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)取得成就和人民生活水平的提高，是考察其是否具有合理性、優(yōu)越性的重要標(biāo)志。二戰(zhàn)后，西方國家政黨不斷調(diào)整和改革執(zhí)政的各項政策，其中政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和福利政策的新變革使西方國家執(zhí)政黨的政策創(chuàng)新取得了一定的成效，從而贏得了廣泛的社會基礎(chǔ)，并鞏固了執(zhí)政地位。 第三章：當(dāng)代西方政黨執(zhí)政的法律基礎(chǔ)。西方國家在長期的社會實踐過程中，不斷摸索制定出對執(zhí)政黨執(zhí)政進(jìn)行有效監(jiān)督約束的法律武器，主要有兩種，一個是憲政，另一個就是政黨法。本部分首先從憲政的涵義，憲政是民主的最高形式，西方憲政文化的特點，西方主要國家憲政模式四個方面闡述了對憲政的理解；人類在民主的基礎(chǔ)上，建立以憲法為核心的法治，以法治保障人權(quán)、限制民主、制約政府權(quán)力，這就是憲政；憲政就是民主、法治、人權(quán)相互支撐、相互制約的政府。其次從政黨法的涵義，政黨法的緣起，政黨法的內(nèi)容和形式逐漸深入，探討了政黨法對西方國家政黨的影響。 第四章：當(dāng)代西方政黨執(zhí)政的挑戰(zhàn)與應(yīng)對。本章主要分析了西方國家執(zhí)政黨在執(zhí)政過程中的兩個挑戰(zhàn)，一個是執(zhí)政黨與腐敗問題，另一個是社會變遷中執(zhí)政黨面臨的危機(jī)；以及針對這些問題，西方國家執(zhí)政黨如何通過改革的方式來應(yīng)對危機(jī)。各國執(zhí)政黨與腐敗歷來是相伴相形，不同的只是輕重程度而已。腐敗會削弱執(zhí)政基礎(chǔ)，導(dǎo)致執(zhí)政黨執(zhí)政能力下降、甚至喪失執(zhí)政權(quán)。在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、社會信息化、全球一體化的影響下，執(zhí)政黨的政治控制手段、執(zhí)政內(nèi)容與方式都受到了全新的挑戰(zhàn)。要以何種方式來應(yīng)對，西方國家執(zhí)政黨通過完善各項基本的政治制度體制，大力推進(jìn)法治進(jìn)程，改革執(zhí)政黨的理論基礎(chǔ)，不斷加強(qiáng)執(zhí)政黨的代表性，構(gòu)建大眾性政黨模式等舉措，做到了與時俱進(jìn)，從而維護(hù)了自己的執(zhí)政地位。 第五章：當(dāng)代西方政黨執(zhí)政經(jīng)驗的借鑒與啟示。本部分是論文創(chuàng)作的出發(fā)點和落腳點。治國安邦，鞏固執(zhí)政地位，幾乎是所有執(zhí)政黨都在追求的目標(biāo)，然而要真正實現(xiàn)這樣一個目標(biāo)，主觀上要求執(zhí)政黨具備科學(xué)的執(zhí)政理念和執(zhí)政思維，客觀上要求執(zhí)政黨具備治理國家的能力。中國共產(chǎn)黨在中國執(zhí)政，是歷史的選擇，人民的選擇，但要保住長期執(zhí)政地位，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)社會不斷進(jìn)步與發(fā)展，就必須隨著執(zhí)政環(huán)境和執(zhí)政條件的變化而相應(yīng)增強(qiáng)自身的執(zhí)政能力。當(dāng)代西方政黨的執(zhí)政理論為中國共產(chǎn)黨防范執(zhí)政風(fēng)險和鞏固執(zhí)政地位拓寬了思路：科學(xué)的執(zhí)政理念是加強(qiáng)黨的執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)的前提；憲政思維執(zhí)政是加強(qiáng)黨的執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)的根本；改進(jìn)黨的執(zhí)政方式是提高黨的執(zhí)政能力的必要途徑；構(gòu)建科學(xué)的黨內(nèi)民主運行機(jī)制是提高黨的執(zhí)政能力的重要手段。
[Abstract]:The modern politics is based on the political party as the core. Based on the society, running the country, leading the social progress and development is the basic state of the ruling party. It is the political premise of the ruling party to master and run the state power, and to promote the progress of the state and the society is the mission and fundamental of the ruling party. In the era of globalization and information, each of them is in power. The ruling party of the country faces a serious challenge to the common political, economic, social and international problems. A series of policies and measures adopted by the political parties of the modern western countries in the long-term practice of governance have conformed to the development of the productive forces and played an active role in the improvement of the capitalist system. Although China and the western countries have taken a positive role. The political system is different and the political ideology and values are different. However, it is helpful to improve the political party politics which suits our national conditions and the needs of our country, and help the ruling party to adapt to the tide, to innovate and to modernize.
This paper, taking the ruling theory of contemporary western political parties as the breakthrough point, through the analysis and study of the ruling concept of the contemporary western political parties, the governing process schemata, the legal basis of the ruling, the challenge and response of the ruling, the understanding of individuality and the generality, summarizes the experience that the contemporary western political party can draw on in power, with a view to me The construction of political parties in China will provide some inspiration and reference.
The full text is divided into five chapters.
The introduction part mainly introduces the background and significance of this thesis, the research status of contemporary western political parties at home and abroad, research ideas and paper framework, and the research methods of the thesis.
The first chapter is the view of the ruling concept of the contemporary western political parties. First, the concept, basic characteristics and function function of the party and the party are expounded. Secondly, the ruling structure of two different political parties, competitive and monopolistic, is analyzed from the classification of the ruling party in the contemporary western countries, and the political parties in the West are also introduced. The three basic forms of politics are in power alone, in power, in power and in power. Finally, the basic mode of the ruling of contemporary western political parties is discussed from four aspects: implementing policy supply, formulating laws and regulations, carrying out personnel appointments and carrying out value distribution. This chapter is the basic theory part of the whole paper and lays a foundation for the follow-up discussion of the main body of the paper. The basis of the theory is set.
The second chapter: the governing process schemata of contemporary western political parties. This part mainly discusses the ruling idea, the ruling path and the ruling policy of the contemporary western political parties. The ruling idea is usually refers to the guiding ideology of the ruling party to fulfill the ruling task, the guiding concept of consolidating the ruling position and the sense of responsibility shown in the process. This part is held from the West. The political idea, the economic idea, the social idea and the international idea of the political party are four points of view. The future of the Western ruling party is closely related to the ruling idea. The contemporary western political parties are in power in the competition mode. To obtain the ruling position, the ruling status must first take part in the ruling qualification, followed by the manipulation of the parliament. It is an important sign of whether the economic and social policies implemented by a ruling party can promote and guarantee the sustainable development of the productive forces, the achievement of economic construction and the improvement of the people's living standard, which is an important sign of whether it is reasonable and superior. After World War II, the political parties in the western countries continued. The policies of adjusting and reforming the government, in which the new changes in political, economic and welfare policies have made certain achievements in the policy innovation of the ruling party in the western countries, thus winning a broad social basis and consolidating the status of the ruling party.
The third chapter is the legal basis of political party in power in the West. In the process of long-term social practice, western countries have been exploring and formulating legal weapons to effectively supervise and restrain the ruling party. There are two kinds of legal weapons, one is constitutionalism and the other is party law. The characteristics of Western constitutional culture, the understanding of constitutionalism in four aspects of the constitutional mode of the main western countries; on the basis of democracy, human beings establish the rule of law with the constitution as the core, to guarantee human rights by the rule of law, to restrict democracy and to restrict the power of the government, which is constitutionalism, which is democracy, rule of law, human rights supporting each other and restricting each other. Secondly, from the meaning of political party law, the origin of political party law, the content and form of political party law are gradually deepened, and the influence of political party law on political parties in western countries is discussed.
The fourth chapter: the challenge and response of the political party in power in the West. This chapter mainly analyzes the two challenges in the ruling process of the ruling party in the west, one is the ruling party and corruption, the other is the crisis faced by the ruling party in the social change; and in view of these problems, how should the ruling party of the western countries adopt the way of reform The ruling party and corruption are always concomitant with corruption, and the difference is only the degree of severity. Corruption will weaken the ruling foundation, lead to the decline in power of the ruling party, and even lose power. Under the influence of economic globalization, social information and global integration, the political control means of the ruling party, the content and the way of ruling are all subject to the influence of the economic globalization, social information and global integration. It is a new challenge. In what way should the ruling party of the western countries improve the basic political system, vigorously promote the process of the rule of law, reform the theoretical foundation of the ruling party, strengthen the representative of the ruling party, build the mass party mode and so on, and keep pace with the times, thus maintaining its ruling position.
The fifth chapter is the reference and Enlightenment of the ruling experience of the contemporary western political parties. This part is the starting point and the foothold of the thesis creation. It is almost the goal that all the ruling parties are pursuing. The ruling party has the ability to govern the country. The Communist Party of China is in power in China, the choice of history and the choice of the people. But to keep the long-term ruling position and lead the society to progress and develop, the ruling ability of the ruling party must be strengthened with the change of the ruling environment and the ruling conditions. The theory of the Communist Party of China has widened the thought of preventing the ruling risk and consolidating the ruling position: the scientific concept of ruling is the prerequisite for strengthening the party's ruling ability; the constitutional thinking in power is the fundamental way to strengthen the party's ruling ability, and the improvement of the party's ruling way is the necessary way to improve the power of the party's ruling power; Democratic operation mechanism is an important means to improve the party's ability to govern.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D05

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5 金紅;論執(zhí)政黨的組織結(jié)構(gòu)對黨政關(guān)系的影響[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2009年

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10 羅后清;當(dāng)代西方勞動力產(chǎn)權(quán)制度變遷研究[D];西南財經(jīng)大學(xué);2008年

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