西歐共產黨與社會黨變革的比較研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-17 02:04
【摘要】：現(xiàn)代意義上的政黨是人類進入資本主義社會之后才出現(xiàn)的政治組織�？v觀政黨300多年的發(fā)展史,可以看出政黨一直在發(fā)生著變革,變革是政黨應對時代變化的戰(zhàn)略選擇。在政黨的不斷變革中,政黨的意識形態(tài)逐漸淡化,政策主張日益趨同,活動方式上有采取聯(lián)合的趨勢,同時也都在不斷擴大階級基礎。對于一些原則性的問題,各政黨之間的對立和分歧逐漸消失。雖然政黨的變革進程和幅度不盡相同,但是不斷趨于中間化是當今和以后政黨變革的一種趨勢。 論文研究的核心落腳于政黨變革,其中重點在于二戰(zhàn)后政黨變革的情況,同時選取了西歐共產黨和社會黨作為研究對象,論文選擇了四個層面來進行比較即：意識形態(tài)、政策主張、活動方式以及階級基礎。試圖通過對二者的比較分析出政黨變革過程中的一般規(guī)律。在研究方法上,論文主要采用比較分析法,在對西歐共產黨與社會黨對比的過程中闡明二者的特點。本文主要有六部分,主要內容如下： 第一章導論部分首先說明本選題的研究背景與研究意義,之后是研究綜述,簡述有關西歐共產黨與社會黨這一問題的國內外研究現(xiàn)狀、最后是研究內容及研究方法。 第二章主要介紹政黨變革的基本理論及歐洲政黨變革的概況,其中涉及到政黨變革的涵義,政黨變革的背景以及必要性,最后是關于政黨變革的幾點結論,這一章的內容主要從理論層面來對政黨變革進行一個宏觀上的把握。 第三章是對西歐共產黨與社會黨在意識形態(tài)變革方面的比較。論文論述了二者意識形態(tài)變革的過程,西歐共產黨與社會黨雖有著共同的起源,但在發(fā)展過程中二者的理論基礎、階級性質和奮斗目標都有所區(qū)別。 第四章是對西歐共產黨與社會黨在政策主張調整上的比較。在改革進程中,共產黨與社會黨都強調維護社會公正,反對資本主義制度,主張混合經濟,同時重視黨內民主建設。不同之處主要體現(xiàn)在政策的大眾性程度以及對公有制的態(tài)度上。 第五章是對西歐共產黨與社會黨在活動方式上變革的比較。二者都加強與其它政黨的聯(lián)合,作為選舉性政黨,大力爭奪選民。不同點在于對右翼和左翼政黨的態(tài)度問題。 第六章是對西歐共產黨與社會黨在階級基礎變革上的比較。共產黨與社會黨都是社會中下層利益的代表,在黨的發(fā)展上面臨著種種困難和挑戰(zhàn)；但是社會黨的階級基礎更為廣泛,二者對于中產階級的關注程度也有所不同。 結語主要對前面六章的內容進行一個總結：西歐資本主義國家的社會矛盾從根本上決定了共產黨與社會黨不同的政治命運；政黨應對客觀環(huán)境變化時所具有的主觀能動性關系到黨的生存發(fā)展；不斷趨于中間化是當今政黨變革的趨勢。
[Abstract]:The political party in the modern sense is the political organization which only appeared after the human being entered the capitalist society. Looking at the history of the political parties for more than 300 years, we can see that the political parties have been undergoing changes, which is the strategic choice for the political parties to cope with the changes of the times. In the constant change of the political party, the ideology of the political party is gradually desalinated, the policy proposition is converging day by day, the way of activity has the tendency of adopting the union, and at the same time, the class foundation has been constantly expanded. For some issues of principle, the opposition and differences between the political parties gradually disappeared. Although the change process and range of political parties are not the same, it is a trend of political party reform that tends to be intermediate. The core of the thesis is party change, in which the focus is on the political party change after the second world war. At the same time, the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party are chosen as the object of study. The thesis chooses four levels to compare: ideology. Policy proposition, mode of activity, and class basis. This paper attempts to analyze the general law in the process of political party reform by comparing the two. In terms of research methods, the paper mainly adopts comparative analysis to clarify the characteristics of the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in the process of comparing them. There are six parts in this paper. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter introduces the research background and significance of this topic, and then summarizes the research. This paper briefly introduces the domestic and international research status of the issue of the Communist Party and the Socialist Party in Western Europe, and finally, the research contents and research methods. The second chapter mainly introduces the basic theory of political party change and the general situation of political party change in Europe, which involves the meaning of political party change, the background and necessity of political party change, and finally some conclusions about political party change. The content of this chapter mainly from the theory level to carry on a macroscopic grasp to the political party reform. The third chapter is the comparison between the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in ideological reform. Though the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party share the same origin, the theoretical basis, class nature and struggle goal of the two parties are different in the course of their development. The fourth chapter is the comparison between the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in the adjustment of policy. In the process of reform, both the Communist Party and the Socialist Party emphasize safeguarding social justice, opposing the capitalist system, advocating mixed economy, and attaching importance to the construction of inner-party democracy. The differences are mainly reflected in the popularity of the policy and the attitude to public ownership. The fifth chapter is a comparison of the changes in the way the Communist Party and the Socialist Party in Western Europe. Both strengthen the alliance with other political parties, as electoral parties, vigorously compete for voters. The difference lies in attitudes towards the right and left-wing parties. The sixth chapter is the comparison between the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in the reform of class foundation. Both the Communist Party and the Socialist Party are representatives of the interests of the middle and lower strata of society and face various difficulties and challenges in the development of the Party, but the class basis of the Socialist Party is more extensive, and their attention to the middle class is also different. The conclusion mainly summarizes the contents of the previous six chapters: the social contradictions in the capitalist countries of Western Europe fundamentally determine the different political fate of the Communist Party and the Socialist Party; The subjective initiative of the political party in responding to the change of the objective environment is related to the survival and development of the party, and the tendency of the political party reform is towards the middle.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D05
本文編號：2128539
[Abstract]:The political party in the modern sense is the political organization which only appeared after the human being entered the capitalist society. Looking at the history of the political parties for more than 300 years, we can see that the political parties have been undergoing changes, which is the strategic choice for the political parties to cope with the changes of the times. In the constant change of the political party, the ideology of the political party is gradually desalinated, the policy proposition is converging day by day, the way of activity has the tendency of adopting the union, and at the same time, the class foundation has been constantly expanded. For some issues of principle, the opposition and differences between the political parties gradually disappeared. Although the change process and range of political parties are not the same, it is a trend of political party reform that tends to be intermediate. The core of the thesis is party change, in which the focus is on the political party change after the second world war. At the same time, the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party are chosen as the object of study. The thesis chooses four levels to compare: ideology. Policy proposition, mode of activity, and class basis. This paper attempts to analyze the general law in the process of political party reform by comparing the two. In terms of research methods, the paper mainly adopts comparative analysis to clarify the characteristics of the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in the process of comparing them. There are six parts in this paper. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter introduces the research background and significance of this topic, and then summarizes the research. This paper briefly introduces the domestic and international research status of the issue of the Communist Party and the Socialist Party in Western Europe, and finally, the research contents and research methods. The second chapter mainly introduces the basic theory of political party change and the general situation of political party change in Europe, which involves the meaning of political party change, the background and necessity of political party change, and finally some conclusions about political party change. The content of this chapter mainly from the theory level to carry on a macroscopic grasp to the political party reform. The third chapter is the comparison between the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in ideological reform. Though the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party share the same origin, the theoretical basis, class nature and struggle goal of the two parties are different in the course of their development. The fourth chapter is the comparison between the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in the adjustment of policy. In the process of reform, both the Communist Party and the Socialist Party emphasize safeguarding social justice, opposing the capitalist system, advocating mixed economy, and attaching importance to the construction of inner-party democracy. The differences are mainly reflected in the popularity of the policy and the attitude to public ownership. The fifth chapter is a comparison of the changes in the way the Communist Party and the Socialist Party in Western Europe. Both strengthen the alliance with other political parties, as electoral parties, vigorously compete for voters. The difference lies in attitudes towards the right and left-wing parties. The sixth chapter is the comparison between the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in the reform of class foundation. Both the Communist Party and the Socialist Party are representatives of the interests of the middle and lower strata of society and face various difficulties and challenges in the development of the Party, but the class basis of the Socialist Party is more extensive, and their attention to the middle class is also different. The conclusion mainly summarizes the contents of the previous six chapters: the social contradictions in the capitalist countries of Western Europe fundamentally determine the different political fate of the Communist Party and the Socialist Party; The subjective initiative of the political party in responding to the change of the objective environment is related to the survival and development of the party, and the tendency of the political party reform is towards the middle.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D05
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