本文選題：霍布斯 + 洛克　； 參考：《江西師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：近代西方思想家的社會契約論,是一種比較系統(tǒng)地論述國家的起源、國家的性質(zhì)以及國家公共事務(wù)基本原則等國家問題的理論,且是對后世的資本主義發(fā)展影響深刻的政治哲學(xué)理論。其中,霍布斯和洛克的社會契約論思想在近代西方政治哲學(xué)發(fā)展過程中占有重要的地位,是政治哲學(xué)思想的一份珍貴遺產(chǎn)�；舨妓购吐蹇说纳鐣跫s論思想盡管具有相近的歷史背景與思想淵源,但是由于他們在哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)、契約內(nèi)容、契約特征、理論歸宿等方面存在差異,因而推導(dǎo)出兩種完全不同的政府形態(tài)。就哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)而言,霍布斯認(rèn)為人性惡,其支撐的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)是機(jī)械唯物論;而洛克則認(rèn)為人性本善,其支撐的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)是經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義。在契約內(nèi)容上,霍布斯認(rèn)為人們通過授權(quán)的方式轉(zhuǎn)讓了自己全部的權(quán)利;而洛克則強(qiáng)調(diào)人們通過信托的方式轉(zhuǎn)讓自己部分的權(quán)利。在契約特征上,霍布斯堅(jiān)持專制與集權(quán)主權(quán)者不受契約約束,擁有絕對的權(quán)力;而洛克主張法治與分權(quán),認(rèn)為人民有自己的天賦人權(quán),認(rèn)為人民擁有反抗的權(quán)力。他們所主張的契約精神對當(dāng)今中國的發(fā)展仍有啟示。
[Abstract]:The social contract theory of modern western thinkers is a theory that systematically discusses the origin, nature and basic principles of national public affairs. And it is a political philosophy theory that has a profound influence on the development of capitalism in later generations. Among them, Hobbes and Locke's theory of social contract plays an important role in the development of modern western political philosophy and is a precious heritage of political philosophy. Although Hobbes and Locke's thoughts on social contract have similar historical background and ideological origin, they differ from each other in terms of philosophical basis, contract content, contractual characteristics, theoretical fate, and so on. Therefore, two completely different forms of government have been deduced. As far as philosophical basis is concerned Hobbes holds that human nature is evil and its philosophical basis is mechanical materialism while Locke thinks that human nature is originally good and its philosophical basis is empiricism. In the content of the contract, Hobbes believes that people transfer all their rights by way of authorization, while Locke emphasizes that people transfer part of their rights through trust. On the characteristics of contract Hobbes insisted that the autocratic and totalitarian sovereign had absolute power without the restriction of contract while Locke advocated the rule of law and separation of powers and believed that the people had their own natural human rights and that the people had the power to resist. The spirit of contract that they advocate still has enlightenment to the development of today's China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D091

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