本文選題：亞里士多德 + 政體�。� 參考：《東北師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：亞里士多德生活在城邦全面衰落的時代，面對這種衰落，身為貴族的亞里士多德通過借鑒前人對政體的研究成果，并結(jié)合自己的調(diào)研成果寫就了《政治學》，從而在理論上為拯救希臘城邦提供了自己的解決之道。 他認為共和政體是在希臘各邦中可以實現(xiàn)的優(yōu)良政體。這種共和政體主要有以下特征：第一、由平民和寡頭組成的混合政體，具有穩(wěn)定性；第二、以中產(chǎn)階層為基礎(chǔ)；第三、以法治為核心。為了論述共和政體的這三個特點，本文分別從共和政體的政治、社會和法理結(jié)構(gòu)入手，在政治結(jié)構(gòu)方面，筆者主要論述共和政體的含義和組織特征，建立共和政體的正當方法，共和政體發(fā)生變革及其原因，共和政體的傾覆和對其的保護措施；在社會結(jié)構(gòu)方面，，筆者主要論述了中產(chǎn)階級的財產(chǎn)特征和職業(yè)特征以及中產(chǎn)階級具有中庸、節(jié)制、理性、少野心、友愛、穩(wěn)定等特性；在法治結(jié)構(gòu)方面，筆者主要論述了法治的內(nèi)涵、成文法和習慣法定義、法律的變更、法律與政體的關(guān)系、法治的特點，法治是劃分各政體的潛在標準。 亞里士多德的共和政體思想對后世產(chǎn)生了重要影響。其對后世的影響主要體現(xiàn)：第一、共和政體作為一種混合政體的思想，對西方的混合政體理論產(chǎn)生了極其深遠的影響；第二、中產(chǎn)階級作為共和政體的最重要階級，對現(xiàn)代社會分層理論和社會構(gòu)建有著重大意義；第三、共和政體為人類提供了一種模板，這種模板的意義在于它能夠為人類提供一種可以在現(xiàn)實社會中實現(xiàn)的優(yōu)良政體；第四、共和政體的法治思想已經(jīng)內(nèi)化到現(xiàn)代政體理論中，成為當今政體不可或缺的部分。 從波利比阿到詹姆斯·密爾，亞里士多德的政體理論和共和政體思想的影響無處不在，直至韋伯才超越了以亞里士多德為代表的經(jīng)典政體分類理論。但可以說，亞里士多德的共和政體思想絕對沒有過時，他的中產(chǎn)階級理論、法治思想和混合政體的原則都將繼續(xù)對政治實踐和政體的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要影響。
[Abstract]:Aristotle lived in the age of the total decline of the city-state. Facing this decline, Aristotle, as an aristocrat, drew on the achievements of his predecessors in his research on the polity. Political Science is written in combination with his research results, which provides a solution to save the Greek city-state theoretically. He considered the republic to be a fine form of government among the states of Greece. The main features of this republic are as follows: first, a mixture of civilians and oligarchs is stable; second, it is based on the middle class; and third, the rule of law is the core. In order to discuss the three characteristics of the Republican regime, this paper starts with the political, social and legal structure of the Republican regime. In terms of the political structure, the author mainly discusses the meaning and organizational characteristics of the Republican regime and the proper method of establishing the Republican regime. In the aspect of social structure, the author mainly discusses the property and occupation characteristics of the middle class, and the middle class has moderate, moderate and rational characteristics. In terms of the structure of the rule of law, the author mainly discusses the connotation of the rule of law, the definition of statutory law and customary law, the change of law, the relationship between law and government, and the characteristics of the rule of law. The rule of law is a potential criterion for the division of government. Aristotle's thought of republicanism had an important influence on later generations. Its influence on later generations is mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, the ideology of the republic as a mixed regime has exerted a profound influence on the western theory of mixed government; second, the middle class is the most important class of the republic. It is of great significance to the stratification theory and social construction of modern society. Third, the Republican regime provides a template for mankind, the significance of which is that it can provide mankind with a good regime that can be realized in real society. The thought of ruling by law of the republic has been internalized into the theory of the modern regime and has become an indispensable part of the present regime. From Polubia to James Mill, the influence of Aristotle's theory of polity and republicanism was pervasive, until Webber transcended the classical theory of classification of regimes represented by Aristotle. But it can be said that Aristotle's Republican ideology is absolutely not out of date. His middle-class theory, the rule of law, and the principles of mixed government will continue to have an important impact on political practice and the development of the polity.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：B502.233;D033

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本文編號：2060175