發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-20 23:32

  本文選題：正義 + 馬克思主義正義觀��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：自階級(jí)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生以來(lái)，人類從未停止過(guò)對(duì)正義的追求。作為衡量社會(huì)制度是否合理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，正義的主題往往面向社會(huì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，這體現(xiàn)在劃分公民的基本權(quán)利與義務(wù)的社會(huì)政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)制度上。同時(shí)，正義不僅是一種政治之善，它還為法治和民主提供了價(jià)值合理性，是法治與民主的道義根基。在政治哲學(xué)家羅爾斯看來(lái)，正義不僅是眾多價(jià)值中最重要的一種價(jià)值，還是估量和權(quán)衡各種價(jià)值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也就是“諸價(jià)值的價(jià)值”。 馬克思主義誕生后，馬克思、恩格斯等無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)偉大導(dǎo)師通過(guò)不斷地理論探索和革命實(shí)踐，逐步揭示出正義的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵，形成了馬克思主義正義觀。它以社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平為基礎(chǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)正義的歷史現(xiàn)實(shí)性，指出只有在公平分配的基礎(chǔ)上，實(shí)現(xiàn)每個(gè)社會(huì)公民自由而全面的發(fā)展，才能真正實(shí)現(xiàn)人類社會(huì)的正義理想。本文從正義概念的起源和發(fā)展入手，通過(guò)論述馬克思主義正義觀的內(nèi)涵和主要特點(diǎn)，來(lái)揭示這項(xiàng)理論的精神實(shí)質(zhì)和價(jià)值取向，并進(jìn)一步探討其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 正文由五個(gè)部分組成。第一部分主要說(shuō)明正義概念的界定及其歷史發(fā)展。這一部分具體分為四個(gè)方面：一、對(duì)正義概念的界定。闡述了正義概念的起源和古今中外對(duì)正義內(nèi)涵的解讀，并對(duì)正義的本質(zhì)和主題進(jìn)行了初步界定。二、古代的正義觀。陳述了古代社會(huì)正義發(fā)展的三個(gè)主要?dú)v史階段，并分析了古代正義觀的發(fā)展所帶來(lái)的影響及其存在的缺陷。三、近代的正義觀。主要回顧從文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期到資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命中后期這段時(shí)間內(nèi)西方思想界里正義觀的演化及其發(fā)展特點(diǎn)。四、當(dāng)代的正義觀�？梢詺w納為在現(xiàn)代資本主義社會(huì)時(shí)期居于代表地位的羅爾斯的正義原則，以及各流派對(duì)羅爾斯正義論進(jìn)行批判的正義學(xué)說(shuō)。 第二部分論述了馬克思主義正義觀的內(nèi)容和主要特點(diǎn)。馬克思的所有著作都表達(dá)著一種廣義的正義論，他畢生從事著人類解放的正義事業(yè)，其理論對(duì)人類正義事業(yè)所產(chǎn)生的貢獻(xiàn)也是其他思想家所無(wú)法比擬的。這一部分首先陳述了馬克思對(duì)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)正義觀的批判和對(duì)無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)正義理想實(shí)現(xiàn)的論證。馬克思正義理論的基本內(nèi)容在于揭露和批判資本對(duì)勞動(dòng)統(tǒng)治的非正義性，并從中引出自己的無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)正義理想，而這種理想只有在共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)中才能真正實(shí)現(xiàn)；接下來(lái)，回顧了列寧和中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨對(duì)馬克思主義正義觀的發(fā)展，這一節(jié)包括列寧對(duì)馬克思主義正義觀的判斷和評(píng)價(jià)以及后來(lái)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨對(duì)馬克思主義正義觀的推演兩部分，它們都是今天馬克思主義正義理論的重要組成部分；最后，歸納了馬克思主義正義觀的主要特點(diǎn)，即正義的歷史現(xiàn)實(shí)性、制度正義與實(shí)質(zhì)正義的統(tǒng)一、個(gè)人利益與共同利益的統(tǒng)一。 第三部分揭示了馬克思主義正義觀的精神實(shí)質(zhì)和價(jià)值指向。馬克思主義正義觀的精神實(shí)質(zhì)是對(duì)人類真正的自由、平等價(jià)值的追求。自由和平等也是人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的終極目標(biāo)和基本宗旨。馬克思和恩格斯認(rèn)為，只有在共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)中，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)作為人類社會(huì)最高價(jià)值目標(biāo)的自由和平等，，而資產(chǎn)階級(jí)所宣揚(yáng)的自由與平等是虛偽的,并帶有階級(jí)局限性。另一方面，馬克思主義正義觀的終極價(jià)值指向是是實(shí)現(xiàn)全人類的徹底解放以及個(gè)人的全面而自由的發(fā)展,從而結(jié)束人與人之間的剝削與壓迫,實(shí)現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)主義的偉大理想。這也是人類自古以來(lái)永恒不變的追求，體現(xiàn)了馬克思主義正義觀的絕對(duì)性和永恒性。 第四部分對(duì)馬克思主義正義觀的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義進(jìn)行了一般分析。這主要從兩個(gè)角度來(lái)展開：一、馬克思主義正義觀是批判資產(chǎn)階級(jí)正義觀的思想武器。它對(duì)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)正義觀的批判可以增進(jìn)人們對(duì)當(dāng)代資本主義制度本質(zhì)上的認(rèn)識(shí)，并增強(qiáng)人們對(duì)社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的信心。只有充分認(rèn)識(shí)了資本主義的非正義性，才會(huì)堅(jiān)信資本主義終將被更為正義的社會(huì)主義所替代。二、馬克思主義正義觀是構(gòu)筑社會(huì)主義正義的理論指南。在馬克思主義正義觀中，經(jīng)濟(jì)正義尤其是生產(chǎn)正義在社會(huì)正義中具有核心地位。用歷史唯物主義的觀點(diǎn)看，生產(chǎn)方式?jīng)Q定著人們的精神生活、政治生活和社會(huì)生活的過(guò)程，決定著社會(huì)的公平正義狀況，也決定著人們心中公平正義的觀念。 第五部分探索了馬克思主義正義觀與我國(guó)和諧社會(huì)建設(shè)之間的關(guān)系。這一部分先是闡述了正義是社會(huì)存在發(fā)展的價(jià)值基礎(chǔ)，其中包含兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：一是社會(huì)正義與社會(huì)發(fā)展的倫理原則；二是我國(guó)社會(huì)正義面臨的困境。然后討論了馬克思主義正義觀對(duì)我國(guó)和諧社會(huì)建設(shè)的指導(dǎo)意義，這里分為四個(gè)要點(diǎn)：一是馬克思主義正義觀對(duì)我國(guó)當(dāng)代公平正義建設(shè)的啟示；二是建設(shè)社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)，需要推進(jìn)制度建設(shè)；三是建設(shè)社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)，就要解決民生問(wèn)題；四是建設(shè)社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)，必須實(shí)現(xiàn)生態(tài)正義。
[Abstract]:Since the emergence of class society, human beings have never stopped pursuing justice. As a standard to measure the rationality of the social system, the theme of justice tends to face the basic structure of society, which is embodied in the social and political and economic systems of dividing the basic rights and obligations of citizens. Justice is not only a kind of political goodness but also a law. In the view of Rawls, the political philosopher, justice is not only the most important value of many values, but also the standard of estimating and weighing all kinds of values, that is "value of all values".
After the birth of Marx doctrine, Marx, Engels and other proletarian great tutors, through continuous theoretical exploration and revolutionary practice, gradually revealed the scientific connotation of justice and formed the Marx theory of justice. Based on the development level of social productivity, it emphasizes the historical reality of justice, and points out that it is only on the basis of fair distribution. In order to realize the free and comprehensive development of every social citizen, we can truly realize the justice ideal of human society. This paper, starting with the origin and development of the concept of justice, reveals the essence and value orientation of the theory by discussing the connotation and main characteristics of Marx's concept of justice, and further explores its practical significance.
The text is composed of five parts. The first part mainly explains the definition of the concept of justice and its historical development. This part is divided into four aspects: first, the definition of the concept of justice, the origin of the concept of justice, the interpretation of the meaning of justice both at all times and in all times, and a preliminary definition of the essence and theme of justice. Two, the ancient right It states the three main historical stages of the development of ancient social justice, and analyses the impact of the development of the ancient concept of justice and its defects. Three, the modern concept of justice. It mainly reviews the evolution and development of justice in western ideological circles from the Renaissance to the middle of the bourgeois revolution in the late period of the revolution. Four, the contemporary justice can be summarized as in the principles of justice on behalf of the status of Rawls in the modern capitalist society, as well as the genres of Rawls's theory of justice criticized the theory of justice.
The second part discusses the contents and main features of Marx's view of justice. All of Marx's works express a broad sense of justice. He has devoted his life to the righteous cause of human liberation. His contribution to the cause of human justice is also incomparable to other thinkers. This part first states Mark. The criticism of the concept of justice of the bourgeoisie and the demonstration of the realization of the ideal of the proletariat justice. The basic content of Marx's justice theory lies in exposing and criticizing the unjust nature of capital to labor rule, and derivation of his own ideal of proletarian justice, which can only be realized in the Communist society; To review the development of Lenin and the Communist Party of China on the concept of justice of Marx doctrine, this section includes Lenin's judgment and evaluation of Marx's view of justice and the two part of the subsequent Chinese Communists' deduction of the concept of justice of Marx, both of which are important parts of the theory of Marx 's positive righteousness today; finally, they are summed up. The main characteristics of Marx's view of justice are the historical reality of justice, the unity of institutional justice and substantive justice, and the unification of individual interests and common interests.
The third part reveals the spiritual essence and value point of Marx's view of justice. The spiritual essence of Marx's view of justice is the pursuit of the true freedom and equal value of human beings. Freedom and equality are the ultimate goals and basic tenet of the development of human society. Marx and Engels believe that only in the Communist society, only The freedom and equality that can be achieved as the highest value target of human society, and the freedom and equality advocated by the bourgeoisie are hypocritical and with class limitations. On the other hand, the ultimate value of Marx's view of justice is to realize the complete liberation of all human beings and the all-round and free development of a man, thus ending people and people. Between exploitation and oppression, to achieve the great ideal of communism. This is the eternal pursuit of human beings since ancient times, reflects the absolute and eternal Marx's concept of justice.
The fourth part makes a general analysis of the realistic meaning of Marx's view of justice. This is mainly from two angles: first, the concept of justice of Marx is the ideological weapon to criticize the view of the bourgeois justice. Our confidence in the cause of socialism. Only by fully recognizing the unjust nature of capitalism will it be believed that capitalism will eventually be replaced by a more just socialism. Two, Marx's view of justice is a theoretical guide to the construction of socialist justice. In the Marx doctrine justice view, the economic justice, especially the production justice, is in society. With the core of justice. In the view of historical materialism, the mode of production determines people's spiritual life, political life and social life, determines the fairness and justice of society, but also determines the concept of justice in people's minds.
The fifth part explores the relationship between Marx's view of justice and the construction of a harmonious society in China. This part first expounds that justice is the value basis of social existence and development, including two aspects: first, the ethical principles of social justice and social development; two is the predicament of social justice in China. The guiding significance of Marx's theory of justice to the construction of a harmonious society in China is divided into four main points: one is the Enlightenment of Marx's concept of justice to the construction of contemporary justice and justice in our country; the two is to build a socialist harmonious society, the construction of the system should be promoted, and the three is to build a socialistic harmonious society, and the problem of the livelihood of the people is to be solved. Four, to build a harmonious socialist society, we must realize ecological justice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：A811;D09

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 馬東琴;論中學(xué)勞動(dòng)教育存在的問(wèn)題及解決對(duì)策[D];內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué);2013年

本文編號(hào)：2046125