本文選題：伯恩施坦 + 社會主義觀�。� 參考：《鄭州大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 伯恩施坦(1850—1932)是第一個修正馬克思主義的馬克思主義者,是德國社會民主黨著名的理論家和實踐活動家。伯恩施坦一生的理論和實踐活動主要經(jīng)歷了三個階段：作為一個資產(chǎn)階級民主主義者,作為一個馬克思主義者,作為一個修正主義者。伯恩施坦所處的時代是資本主義相對和平發(fā)展的時代,各國社會民主黨人雖然在理論上堅持傳統(tǒng)的社會主義革命觀點,但在實踐中主要從事合法的議會斗爭和工會工作,并且日益滿足于日常合法斗爭的成就,忽視了實現(xiàn)社會主義這一最終目的。這主要是由于一方面工人階級在原則上被拒絕以平等的身份包容在國家和社會之中,他們繼續(xù)受到經(jīng)濟剝削和政治社會壓迫。另一方面自19世紀80年代以來,工人階級經(jīng)濟上日益得到改善,他們的地位在法律和實際方面都表現(xiàn)出有限改善的發(fā)展趨勢。伯恩施坦想用理論適應實踐的辦法來消除理論和實踐的脫節(jié),結(jié)果脫離了馬克思主義立場,修正了馬克思主義,形成自己的社會主義觀。因此,本文將堅持歷史唯物主義和辯證唯物主義的方法,通過對伯恩施坦的一生及時代背景、其思想發(fā)展及來源作一梳理,以求在對伯恩施坦的社會主義觀進行批判的同時,也作出客觀公正的評價。我們可以看到伯恩施坦的社會主義觀主要表現(xiàn)在他對社會主義的本質(zhì),社會主義的實現(xiàn)途徑,社會主義的實現(xiàn)形式和社會主義國家形態(tài)的認識上。伯恩施坦的社會主義觀點發(fā)表以后,受到以盧森堡為代表的社會民主黨左派的批判,特別是把伯恩施坦對“最終目的”的看法看作是對馬克思主義的背叛。列寧也對伯恩施坦的觀點進行了激烈的批判,指出伯恩施坦思想的實質(zhì)是“為了一碗紅豆湯而出賣自己的長子權(quán)”。雖然當時伯恩施坦對馬克思主義的修正是為了擺脫當時社會民主黨的理論和實踐之間矛盾的,他的要求也是符合當時工人階級實際愿望的,他的本意也不是背離馬克思主義。但由于伯恩施坦不能全面理解馬克思主義,其修正主義實踐一方面迎合了工人階級自發(fā)的階級意識,另一方面把社會民主黨的斗爭策略上升為斗爭原則,雖然為部分工人階級爭得了一些權(quán)益,但不能改變?nèi)澜鐭o產(chǎn)階級的根本地位。在今天,我們要吸取伯恩施坦修正思想的經(jīng)驗和教訓,正確理解馬克思主義。
[Abstract]:Bernstein (1850-1932) was the first Marxist to revise Marxism and was a famous theorist and activist of German Social Democratic Party. The theoretical and practical activities of Bernstein's life mainly went through three stages: as a bourgeois Democrat, as a Marxist, as a revisionist. Bernstein lived in an era of relatively peaceful development of capitalism. Although the social Democrats of all countries theoretically adhered to the traditional viewpoint of socialist revolution, in practice they mainly engaged in legitimate parliamentary struggles and trade union work. And increasingly satisfied with the achievements of the daily legal struggle, neglected to achieve the ultimate goal of socialism. This is mainly due to the fact that, on the one hand, the working class is, in principle, refused to be included in the State and society on an equal footing, and that they continue to be subjected to economic exploitation and political and social oppression. On the other hand, since the 1880s, the working class economy has been improved day by day, and their status has shown a trend of limited improvement in both law and practice. Bernstein wanted to eliminate the disconnection between theory and practice by applying theory to practice. As a result, he deviated from the Marxist position, revised Marxism and formed his own socialist view. Therefore, this article will adhere to historical materialism and dialectical materialism, through the life of Bernstein and the background of the times, its ideological development and sources, in order to criticize Bernstein's view of socialism at the same time, Objective and impartial evaluation is also made. We can see that Bernstein's view of socialism is mainly manifested in his understanding of the essence of socialism, the way to realize socialism, the form of socialist realization and the form of socialist country. After the publication of Bernstein's view of socialism, he was criticized by the left of the Social Democratic Party, represented by Luxembourg, especially when he regarded Bernstein's view of "ultimate purpose" as a betrayal of Marxism. Lenin also criticized Bernstein's view, pointing out that the essence of Bernstein's thought was to sell his eldest son's right for a bowl of red bean soup. Although Bernstein's amendment to Marxism was to get rid of the contradiction between the theory and practice of the Social Democratic Party at that time, his request was also in line with the actual wishes of the working class at that time, and his intention was not to deviate from Marxism. However, because Bernstein could not fully understand Marxism, his revisionist practice, on the one hand, catered to the class consciousness of the working class spontaneously, and on the other hand raised the struggle strategy of the Social Democratic Party into a struggle principle. Although some working class gains some rights and interests, it cannot change the fundamental position of the proletariat all over the world. Today, we should learn from the experience and lessons of Bernstein's revised thought and correctly understand Marxism.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D091.6

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條

1 黃娟;伯恩施坦的核心思想研究[D];西安外國語大學;2012年

，

本文編號：2024034