本文選題：沈玄廬 + 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：沈玄廬是一位在中共黨史、中國(guó)近代史上爭(zhēng)議不斷的歷史人物,卻在中國(guó)近代農(nóng)民運(yùn)動(dòng)史上頗具地位。人們對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià),褒貶不一,難以界定,但他仍然具有十分重要的研究?jī)r(jià)值。沈玄廬的早期思想包括政治、農(nóng)民運(yùn)動(dòng)、婦女解放、工運(yùn)等方面,尤其是在政治思想和農(nóng)民運(yùn)動(dòng)思想方面,他曾是堅(jiān)定的馬克思主義者,對(duì)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的創(chuàng)建以及中共領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的農(nóng)民運(yùn)動(dòng)作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。本文擬在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)沈玄廬在1920-1924年間的政治思想實(shí)踐進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)地梳理。沈玄廬人生經(jīng)歷豐富,經(jīng)歷了地主、資本主義改良者、革命者、馬克思主義者、共產(chǎn)黨員以及國(guó)民黨等身份的轉(zhuǎn)換,其政治思想也隨之不斷發(fā)生改變。起初,他提出了一系列改造社會(huì)思想,如法制思想、省憲自治思想、工讀互助思想等,但是隨著對(duì)馬克思主義理論的不斷深入了解,成為了早期馬克思主義者,并形成了自己的馬克思主義觀。后期,由于身份、階級(jí)立場(chǎng)的變化,他開始服膺于三民主義。所以說(shuō),沈玄廬政治思想中即包含無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)的內(nèi)容,也包含資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的成分,體現(xiàn)了其政治思想的多變性和復(fù)雜性。沈玄廬非常關(guān)注民眾,重視民眾力量尤其是農(nóng)民,組織了很多農(nóng)民斗爭(zhēng)活動(dòng),最著名的就是衙前農(nóng)民運(yùn)動(dòng)和蕭山東鄉(xiāng)自治實(shí)踐。他深刻地認(rèn)識(shí)到自然災(zāi)害和地主剝削是導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民貧困的直接原因,而根源就是財(cái)產(chǎn)私有制,因此他主張“廢止私有財(cái)產(chǎn),土地公有”。他特別重視對(duì)農(nóng)民的宣傳和教育,啟發(fā)農(nóng)民覺(jué)悟,讓他們自發(fā)地積極地參與到斗爭(zhēng)中去。同時(shí),他還認(rèn)為要將農(nóng)民團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái),形成同盟,才能在斗爭(zhēng)中取得勝利,因此要成立農(nóng)民組織,實(shí)行農(nóng)民自決。雖然沈玄廬的農(nóng)民運(yùn)動(dòng)思想在某些方面存在一些缺陷,摻雜著資產(chǎn)階級(jí)改良主義的成分,但其有關(guān)農(nóng)民教育的主張?jiān)诋?dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)是具有重要的意義的,對(duì)現(xiàn)今社會(huì)也具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。沈玄廬婦女解放思想獨(dú)特而超前,他不僅倡導(dǎo)“女性‘人格’獨(dú)立、提倡男女平等”,還倡導(dǎo)“交往自由,反對(duì)包辦婚姻”,主張婚姻自由,認(rèn)為要真正實(shí)現(xiàn)男女教育平等,就要進(jìn)行男女進(jìn)無(wú)區(qū)別甚至無(wú)性別同校。這些觀點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時(shí)就深深地震撼了深受壓迫的婦女們,某些觀點(diǎn)甚至對(duì)當(dāng)今社會(huì)來(lái)講也是新潮的。這些觀點(diǎn)雖然摻雜著部分脫離實(shí)際的空想成分,但確為當(dāng)時(shí)的女性思想解放作出了啟蒙、借鑒作用。沈玄廬工人運(yùn)動(dòng)思想體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)知識(shí)分子對(duì)馬克思主義與中國(guó)工人運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)合的思考與探索,他運(yùn)用馬克思主義階級(jí)理論分析了中國(guó)工人的現(xiàn)狀,將斗爭(zhēng)矛頭直指資產(chǎn)階級(jí),號(hào)召工人組成團(tuán)體,運(yùn)用暴力的手段,推翻資本主義制度,建設(shè)無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)。這些觀點(diǎn)的提出,對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)整個(gè)中國(guó)工人運(yùn)動(dòng)的開展起到了指導(dǎo)作用�？傊�,研究沈玄廬的政治思想與實(shí)踐,不但使我們了解這位鮮為人知卻又在推動(dòng)歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮過(guò)重要作用的人,而且在一定程度上也拓寬了中共黨史研究以及中國(guó)近代史研究的廣度和深度。
[Abstract]:Shen and Lu is a historical figure in the history of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China and in the modern history of China. However, he has a position in the history of the modern Chinese peasant movement. Face, especially in political thought and peasant movement thought, he was a firm Marx, made an important contribution to the creation of the Chinese Communist Party and the peasant movement under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. On the basis of the previous studies, this paper systematically combed Shen Xuanlu's political and ideological practice in the 1920-1924 years. Shen Xuanlu Rich in life, the political ideas of the landlords, the reformers, the revolutionaries, the revolutionaries, the Marx, the Communist Party and the Kuomintang have changed. At first, he put forward a series of social thoughts, such as the thought of the legal system, the thought of the Constitution and self-government, the thought of mutual assistance, and so on. Kyth's theory has become an early Marx doctrine and formed his own view of Marx's doctrine. In the later period, because of his identity and the change of class position, he began to embrace the three people's principles. He pays great attention to the people, attaches great importance to the masses, especially the peasants, and organizes many peasant struggles. The most famous is the movement of the Yamen farmers and the practice of autonomy in Dongxiang in Xiaoshan. He deeply recognizes that natural disasters and landlord exploitation are the direct causes to the poverty of the peasants, and the root is the wealth. He produced private ownership, so he advocated "abolishing private property and public ownership". He paid special attention to the propaganda and education of farmers, enlightened the peasants to realize their consciousness and actively participated in the struggle. At the same time, he believed that the peasants should unite and form an alliance to win victory in the struggle, so the peasant organization should be established and carried out. Farmers' self-determination. Although Shen's peasant movement thought has some defects in some aspects, it is doped with the composition of bourgeois reformism, but its proposition about the education of farmers is of great significance at that time in China and is of great practical significance to the present society. He not only advocates the independence of female personality, advocates equality between men and women, but also advocates "freedom of communication, against arranged marriages", and advocates the freedom of marriage. He believes that in order to truly achieve equality between men and women, there is no difference between men and women and even the same school without sex. These views are deeply shocked by the oppressed women and some views. Even to today's society, it is also a new trend. Although these views are mixed with part of the thought elements that are divorced from reality, they do enlighten and draw lessons from the women's ideological emancipation at that time. Marx's theory of class has analyzed the present situation of Chinese workers, pointing the struggle against the bourgeoisie, calling on the workers to form a group, using the means of violence, overthrowing the capitalist system and building the proletarian society. These points of view have played a guiding role in carrying out the movement of the whole Chinese workers at that time. In a word, the study of Shen Xuanlu The political thought and practice not only made us know the people who knew but also played an important role in promoting the process of historical development, but also to a certain extent broadened the study of the history of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China and the breadth and depth of the study of modern Chinese history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D092

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