發(fā)布時間：2018-06-02 12:10

  本文選題：大國治理 + 雙輪驅(qū)動�。� 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：從古至今,大國治理問題不僅是學(xué)界、政界甚至一般民眾倍感興趣的問題,而且是一個具有重要理論價值和現(xiàn)實意義的研究課題。改革開放以來的中國是一個不斷崛起的大國,這種崛起受到國內(nèi)外復(fù)雜多變的因素的影響。本文認(rèn)為,中國要真正實現(xiàn)大國崛起和民族復(fù)興,快速的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和良好的國際環(huán)境等因素固然很重要,但是最根本的還在于國內(nèi)的治理結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理和完善。那么,一個大國具有何種治理結(jié)構(gòu)才能實現(xiàn)并長期維系良好的治理績效呢?本文認(rèn)為,從大國自身特征和治理內(nèi)在需求的角度出發(fā),大國的有效治理應(yīng)該建立在國家與社會“雙輪驅(qū)動”的基礎(chǔ)上,即大國的治理結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是由兩套具有不同性質(zhì)、目的和行動邏輯的治理體系所耦合而成的,我們將其稱之為“耦合治理結(jié)構(gòu)”。這種治理結(jié)構(gòu)的耦合性有強弱之分,它主要體現(xiàn)在以國家(或中央政府與精英)和社會(或地方政府與民眾)為主體的兩套治理體系之間相互認(rèn)同、嵌入和滲透的程度。因此本文提出如下基本假設(shè)：大國的耦合治理結(jié)構(gòu)同它的治理績效之間存在著密不可分的關(guān)系,強耦合性的治理結(jié)構(gòu)是大國實現(xiàn)良好治理績效的重要基礎(chǔ)和條件；反之,弱耦合性的治理結(jié)構(gòu)則不利于良好治理績效的實現(xiàn),甚至?xí)䦟?dǎo)致治理危機的不斷累積和政治體系的最終崩潰。 上述命題和假設(shè)要想得到證明,就必須建立在對大國治理結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成和特征深入全面把握的基礎(chǔ)上。因此,筆者通過選取古代世界最具代表性的兩個大國一—中華帝國和羅馬帝國——作為研究案例,以耦合治理結(jié)構(gòu)與治理績效的關(guān)系為線索,嘗試去證明上述命題和假設(shè),這種證明的過程實際上就是去解釋和分析“雙輪驅(qū)動”對于大國有效治理的關(guān)鍵性意義何在。就中華帝國而言,它是古代世界中極少數(shù)實現(xiàn)了長期有效治理的大國,而羅馬帝國在治理績效上就要差很多。為什么兩國在治理績效上會存在重大差異呢?本文認(rèn)為,中華帝國的長期有效治理很大程度上是由于皇權(quán)-官僚主導(dǎo)的國家治理體系與家族、宗族和村落等構(gòu)成的社會治理體系之間實現(xiàn)了強有效的耦合,即是一種強耦合性的治理結(jié)構(gòu)；而羅馬帝國的治理不力和失敗很大程度上源自于皇帝和軍隊主導(dǎo)的國家治理體系與由行省和自治城市等構(gòu)成的地方治理體系之間的弱耦合性,即是一種弱耦合性的治理結(jié)構(gòu)。這就是說,大國的治理結(jié)構(gòu)的耦合性強弱程度會對它的治理績效產(chǎn)生顯著的影響,這種影響集中體現(xiàn)為大國在治理的合法性與有效性以及對環(huán)境的適應(yīng)性等方面存在著顯著的差異性。這意味著大國的耦合治理結(jié)構(gòu)與治理績效之間確實存在著明顯的正相關(guān)性�？傊�,一個大國要實現(xiàn)并維系長期的有效治理,就需要將其治理建立在國家與社會雙重治理體系強耦合的基礎(chǔ)上,通過國家與社會的“雙輪驅(qū)動”為大國治理與成長提供強大的動力資源和制度保障。在這種情況下,大國治理所面臨的各種基本問題——如何在國家控制與社會自治、中央集權(quán)與地方分權(quán)、一體化與多元化之間實現(xiàn)動態(tài)平衡——就會得到比較好的解決。這無疑是大國實現(xiàn)有效治理的重要經(jīng)驗。 本文最后對當(dāng)前中國的國家治理問題進(jìn)行了探討,認(rèn)為一方面應(yīng)該對中華帝國等大國的治理經(jīng)驗與歷史遺產(chǎn)進(jìn)行選擇性開發(fā)和創(chuàng)造性轉(zhuǎn)化,另一方面應(yīng)該通過積極的政治體制改革,重建政黨與國家和社會之間的關(guān)系,為中國社會的成長開拓新的空間,從而建構(gòu)起一種國家與社會雙重治理體系之間強耦合的新型治理結(jié)構(gòu)。建構(gòu)這種結(jié)構(gòu)就意味著中國的國家治理應(yīng)該建立在“雙輪驅(qū)動”這種有力而穩(wěn)固的基礎(chǔ)上,這是中國實現(xiàn)和平崛起和長治久安最為現(xiàn)實可行的路徑。
[Abstract]:From the ancient to the present, the problem of great power governance is not only a problem of interest in the academic circles, the political circles and even the general public, but also a research subject with important theoretical value and practical significance. China has been a rising power since the reform and opening up. This rise is influenced by the complex and changeable factors at home and abroad. It is of great importance to truly realize the rise of a big country and a national rejuvenation, rapid economic development and a good international environment. But the most fundamental is whether the domestic governance structure is reasonable and perfect. Then, what is the governance structure of a big country to achieve and maintain good governance performance? The effective governance of a big country should be based on the "double wheel drive" of the state and the society, that is, the governance structure of a big country should be coupled by two sets of governance systems with different nature, purpose and action logic, which we call it "coupling governance structure". The coupling of species governance structure has a strong and weak point. It is mainly embodied in the degree of mutual recognition, Embeddedness and penetration between the two sets of governance systems which are the main body of the state (or the central government and the elite) and the society (or the local government and the public). Therefore, this paper puts forward the following basic assumptions: the coupling governance structure of the big country and its governance performance. There is an inseparable relationship. The strong coupling governance structure is the important basis and condition for the great power to achieve good governance performance. On the contrary, the weak coupling governance structure is not conducive to the realization of good governance performance, and even the accumulation of governance crisis and the final collapse of the political system.
In order to prove the above proposition and hypothesis, it must be based on the thorough and comprehensive grasp of the structure and characteristics of the governance structure of the great powers. Therefore, the author chooses the two most representative powers of the ancient world, the Chinese Empire and the Rome empire as a case study, to coupling the relationship between governance structure and governance performance. For clues, try to prove the above propositions and hypotheses. The process of this proof is actually to explain and analyze the key significance of the "double wheel drive" to the effective governance of the great powers. As for the Chinese Empire, it is a very small country in the ancient world to achieve long-term effective governance, and the Rome empire is poor in governance performance. Many. Why are there significant differences in the governance performance of the two countries? The long-term effective governance of the Chinese empire is largely due to the strong and effective coupling between the imperial bureaucratic governing system and the social governance system, such as the family, the clan and the village, which is a strong coupling governance. The weak governance and failure of the Rome empire are largely derived from the weak coupling between the national governance system dominated by the emperor and the army and the local governance system composed of provinces and autonomous cities, that is, a weak coupling governance structure. That is to say, the degree of coupling strength of the governance structure of the big country will be the same. It has a significant impact on its governance performance, which is mainly reflected in the significant difference between the legitimacy and effectiveness of the great powers and the adaptability to the environment. This means that there is a clear positive correlation between the coupling governance structure and the governance performance of a big country. To maintain long-term effective governance, it is necessary to establish its governance on the basis of the strong coupling of the dual governance system between the state and the society. Through the "double wheel drive" of the state and the society, it will provide powerful power resources and institutional guarantee for the governance and growth of the great powers. The dynamic balance between state control and social autonomy, centralization and decentralization, integration and pluralism will get a better solution. This is undoubtedly an important experience for the great powers to achieve effective governance.
At the end of this paper, the problem of state governance in China is discussed. On the one hand, it is believed that the governance experience and historical heritage of the great powers such as the Chinese Empire should be selectively developed and creatively transformed. On the other hand, the relationship between the political party and the state and the society should be rebuilt by the active political system reform, and the result of the Chinese society. The construction of a new structure of strong coupling between the dual governance system of the state and the society, which means that the national governance of China should be built on the strong and stable foundation of the "double wheel drive", which is the most realistic and feasible way for China to achieve peaceful rise and long-term stability. Route.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D0

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