本文選題：史華慈 + 毛澤東政治哲學(xué)　； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為美國著名的思想史專家,本杰明·史華慈在研究中注重對客觀史實(shí)的把握以及對歷史文獻(xiàn)資料的客觀把握,并將研究對象放在一個(gè)相對動態(tài)的過程進(jìn)行研究。因此,在對歷史人物的研究中,結(jié)合客觀史實(shí)與歷史的特殊性及偶然性,對歷史人物的思想特征與歷史定位進(jìn)行分析研究,從研究的過程與結(jié)果中總結(jié)概括出歷史人物的思想意識與其實(shí)踐之間存在的關(guān)系。在此學(xué)術(shù)取向的指引下,史華慈展開了對毛澤東政治哲學(xué)的研究,他以中國傳統(tǒng)文化為主要切入點(diǎn),結(jié)合西方近代思潮以及馬克思主義對毛澤東政治哲學(xué)成因影響進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的闡述。在《中國共產(chǎn)主義的崛起與毛主義》中,史華慈將毛澤東政治哲學(xué)概括為“毛主義”(Maoism)戰(zhàn)略,并認(rèn)為其中關(guān)于革命主體的是農(nóng)民階級的論述是對馬克思列寧主義核心理論的“背離”,從而形成了“毛主義”——“異端”理論�！懊髁x”戰(zhàn)略在其核心思想不變的前提下,其內(nèi)容則在毛澤東政治實(shí)踐的各個(gè)時(shí)期呈現(xiàn)出不同的特點(diǎn)。但是對于建國以后的毛澤東政治哲學(xué)的研究,史華慈將研究的重心放在了“文革”時(shí)期毛澤東政治學(xué)所呈現(xiàn)的新特點(diǎn)。首先,史華慈認(rèn)為毛澤東發(fā)動“文革”的原因隱藏著馬克思列寧主義的政黨理論預(yù)設(shè),目的是針對黨內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的種種問題進(jìn)行的一次激烈的“整風(fēng)”運(yùn)動,而非單純的權(quán)力斗爭的結(jié)果；其次,史華慈堅(jiān)持在“問題意識”的指導(dǎo)下,采取文化比較的研究方法將“文革”時(shí)期毛澤東的政治實(shí)踐與盧梭的“公意”學(xué)說結(jié)合進(jìn)行比較研究,將毛澤東在“文革”時(shí)期的政治哲學(xué)概括為“德性統(tǒng)治”。史華慈認(rèn)為“毛主義”是毛澤東在社會主義革命建設(shè)過程中形成的具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的政治戰(zhàn)略,體現(xiàn)出了毛澤東的民本思想,中國共產(chǎn)黨的宗旨是為最廣大人民群眾謀福利,全心全意為人民服務(wù),更體現(xiàn)出毛澤東在一生的政治實(shí)踐中都在堅(jiān)持走符合中國國情的革命建設(shè)道路,最終目的是實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興。結(jié)合黨第十一屆六中全會通過的《關(guān)于建國以來黨的若干歷史問題的決議》中對毛澤東歷史地位的評價(jià)和國內(nèi)的研究現(xiàn)狀來看,其研究結(jié)論仍存在著明顯的不足,但是其研究的視角與研究方法依然具有一定積極意義。通過重新解讀史華慈對毛澤東政治哲學(xué)研究,發(fā)掘史華慈的研究中隱藏著的更深切的人文關(guān)懷以及他的獨(dú)特的研究方法,拓寬了現(xiàn)階段對毛澤東政治哲學(xué)與馬克思主義中國化的研究深度與廣度。
[Abstract]:As a famous American intellectual history expert, Benjamin Schwartz paid attention to the objective historical facts and historical documents in his research, and put the research object in a relatively dynamic process. Therefore, in the study of historical figures, combined with the particularity and contingency of objective historical facts and history, the ideological characteristics and historical positioning of historical figures are analyzed and studied. The relationship between the ideology and practice of historical figures is summarized from the research process and results. Under the guidance of this academic orientation, Swartz began his research on Mao Zedong's political philosophy. He took Chinese traditional culture as the main breakthrough point. Combined with the western modern trend of thought and Marxism to the Mao Zedong political philosophy causes a systematic elaboration. In "the rise of Chinese Communism and Maoism," Mr. Schwartz summed up Mao Zedong's political philosophy as a "Maoist" strategy. It is considered that the exposition of the peasant class is a deviation from the core theory of Marxism-Leninism, which forms the theory of "Maoism"-"heresy". Under the premise of its core thought unchanged, the content of "Maoism" strategy shows different characteristics in each period of Mao Zedong political practice. But for the study of Mao Zedong's political philosophy after the founding of the people's Republic of China, Swartz focused his research on the new features of Mao Zedong politics during the Cultural Revolution. First of all, Swartz believes that the reason why Mao Zedong launched the "Cultural Revolution" is hidden by the Marxist and Leninist political party theory presupposition, with the aim of conducting a fierce "rectification movement" aimed at various problems within the party. It is not the result of a simple power struggle. Secondly, Swartz insists on being guided by "problem consciousness." By comparing the political practice of Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution with Rousseau's theory of "public will", the political philosophy of Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution was summarized as "the rule of virtue". Shi Wah-tsi believed that "Maoism" was an original political strategy formed by Mao Zedong in the course of socialist revolutionary construction, which embodied Mao Zedong's people-oriented thinking. The purpose of the CPC was to seek for the welfare of the broadest masses of the people. Serving the people wholeheartedly reflects that Mao Zedong has adhered to the road of revolutionary construction in all his life's political practice, and the ultimate goal is to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. According to the evaluation of the historical status of Mao Zedong in the Resolution on some Historical problems of the Party since the founding of the people's Republic of China adopted by the sixth Plenary session of the 11th CPC Central Committee and the current research situation in China, there are still obvious deficiencies in its research conclusions. But its research angle and research method still have certain positive significance. By reinterpreting Schwartz's study of Mao Zedong's political philosophy, the author explores the deeper humanistic concern and his unique research methods, which are hidden in Schwartz's research. It widens the depth and breadth of the research on Mao Zedong political philosophy and Marxism in China at the present stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D0

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 楊建新;;美國學(xué)者對毛澤東早期政治思想基礎(chǔ)的研究[J];馬克思主義研究;2011年08期

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本文編號：1964596