本文選題：先秦儒家民本思想 + 民主思想��； 參考：《淮北師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】：先秦是中國傳統(tǒng)政治思想的形成時期,不僅涌現(xiàn)出儒家、道家、法家、墨家、陰陽家、兵家等政治學(xué)說,更是奠定后世學(xué)者理論研究的基礎(chǔ)框架,使之即便有所創(chuàng)新,也未能真正跳出此圈。其中對后世影響尤為深遠(yuǎn)的便是孔孟的儒家思想學(xué)說,盡管當(dāng)時因未能迎合統(tǒng)治者需要而一度被遺棄,但自漢以降,其正統(tǒng)地位逐漸建立,一直被統(tǒng)治者奉為治世經(jīng)典,更視其民本思想,如孔子“為政以德”、孟子“民貴君輕”、荀子“君舟民水”為安國定邦的首要手段。時移世易,歷史條件的變遷、社會環(huán)境的變化,先秦儒家民本思想不再適應(yīng)當(dāng)今治國需要,但也不能全盤否棄,應(yīng)加以辯證分析,對其合理面進行繼承創(chuàng)新,使之接受現(xiàn)代化的洗禮�？傮w來說,民本思想經(jīng)歷否定之否定的辯證發(fā)展過程:先秦儒家民本思想為初創(chuàng)階段,雖難免理論粗糙,但仍具一定精粹,為其真實義所在;封建民本思想為歪曲發(fā)展階段,統(tǒng)治者為維系皇權(quán),大肆加以改造,將各種符合封建禮教和君主統(tǒng)治的學(xué)說皆納入民本思想體系,造成先秦儒家民本思想真實義逐漸流失,偽現(xiàn)真隱;現(xiàn)代民本思想為反思創(chuàng)新階段,不僅批判封建民本思想之糟粕,肅清殘余流毒,彰顯先秦儒家民本思想之精粹,滅偽存真,而且融合當(dāng)今民主、自由、平等、法治等治國原則,創(chuàng)新民本觀念,提出“以人為本”,實現(xiàn)先秦儒家民本思想的現(xiàn)代合理性轉(zhuǎn)進,既順應(yīng)民主政治發(fā)展潮流、保持民族特色,又符合現(xiàn)代治國理念、構(gòu)建和諧社會之要求。 考察先秦儒家民本思想現(xiàn)代轉(zhuǎn)進的模式,大致分為中體西用、西體中用、中西互通三種。體用之爭雖各自成理,卻有失偏頗,難免帶有文化中心主義色彩。只有充分推動中西文化雙向交流,各自取長補短,根據(jù)各國具體形勢變化、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展程度、歷史文化積淀、人民心理承受能力在實踐中創(chuàng)新民族文化,才能成功實現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)政治文化現(xiàn)代化。從政治行為主體角度展開分析,先秦儒家民本思想在現(xiàn)代的合理轉(zhuǎn)進途徑,可從公民、社會組織、政府三個方面進行:“民”經(jīng)歷臣民到市民再到公民的身份轉(zhuǎn)變,主體意識開始覺醒,主動進行政治參與,維護自身權(quán)利,坐實“本”位;社會組織(利益集團、各類社團、民間組織等非政府組織)的發(fā)育,起到上達民情、下傳政令的中介作用,是溝通公民與政府的橋梁;現(xiàn)代政府從根本上轉(zhuǎn)變治國理念,變革治國方式,將自身定位于“服務(wù)人”角色,實行德治、法治并舉和科學(xué)化治理,營造民主、自由的社會政治氛圍。只有實現(xiàn)公民參政、社會監(jiān)督、政府服務(wù)三者的良性互動,才能共創(chuàng)和諧社會新局面。
[Abstract]:Pre-Qin Dynasty was the forming period of Chinese traditional political thought. Not only did Confucianism, Taoism, Legalists, Mohism, Yin and Yang schools, military schools, and other political theories emerge, but also laid a foundation for the theoretical research of scholars in later generations, making it even more innovative. Can not really jump out of this circle. The Confucian thought of Confucius and Mencius had a profound influence on later generations. Although it was abandoned at that time because of its failure to meet the needs of the rulers, its orthodoxy was gradually established since the Han Dynasty fell, and it has been regarded by the rulers as a classic of governing the world. People-based thought, such as Confucius, Mencius, Mencius, and Xunzi, as the most important means of establishing a state. Due to the change of time, the change of historical conditions and the change of social environment, the pre-Qin Confucian people-oriented thought is no longer suitable for the needs of governing the country today, but it can not be completely abandoned. It should be dialectically analyzed and inherited and innovated on its reasonable side. To undergo the baptism of modernization. Generally speaking, the people-oriented thought has experienced the dialectical development process of negation: the pre-Qin Confucian people-oriented thought is the initial stage, although the theory is rough, it still has some essence, which is its true meaning, and the feudal people-oriented thought is the distorted stage of development. In order to maintain the imperial power, the rulers made a great effort to reform, and brought all kinds of theories which accord with the feudal ethics and the monarch rule into the people-oriented thought system, which resulted in the gradual loss of the true meaning of the people-oriented thought of the pre-Qin Confucianism, and the false appearance was really hidden. In order to reflect on the stage of innovation, the modern people-oriented thought not only criticizes the dross of the feudal people-oriented thought, clears the residual poison, highlights the essence of the people-oriented thought of the pre-Qin Confucianists, and extinguishes the false existence of truth, but also integrates the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, rule by law and other principles of governing the country. Innovating the people-oriented concept, putting forward "people-oriented", realizing the modern rationality of the people-oriented thought of the pre-Qin Confucianism, not only conforms to the trend of democratic political development, maintains the national characteristics, but also conforms to the requirements of the modern concept of governing the country and the construction of a harmonious society. The mode of modern transformation of the people-oriented thought of the pre-Qin Confucianism is divided into three types: middle body, west body and west body. Although the argument of physical use has its own reasons, it is biased and inevitably has the color of cultural centrism. Only by fully promoting two-way exchanges between Chinese and Western cultures, learning from each other, according to the changes in the specific situation of each country, the degree of economic development, the accumulation of history and culture, and the people's psychological bearing ability to innovate national culture in practice, In order to realize the modernization of traditional political culture successfully. From the angle of the subject of political behavior, the rational approach of the people-oriented thought of pre-Qin Confucianism in modern times can be carried out from three aspects: citizen, social organization and government: "people" experienced from subject to citizen and then to citizen. The subjective consciousness began to awaken, to take the initiative to participate in politics, to safeguard one's own rights, and to sit down in the "original" position; the development of social organizations (interest groups, various associations, non-governmental organizations, etc.), played an important role in the development of the people's feelings. The intermediary function of the downhanded decree is the bridge between the citizens and the government, the modern government fundamentally changes the concept of governing the country, changes the way of governing the country, positions itself in the role of "serving people", implements the rule of virtue, and simultaneously develops and scientifically governs the rule of law. Create a democratic and free social and political atmosphere. Only when citizens participate in politics, social supervision and government service can we create a new situation of harmonious society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：淮北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D092

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本文編號：1818057