本文選題：共和主義 + 公民身份�。� 參考：《南京航空航天大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：公民身份表示的是在民主制國(guó)家中,公民與國(guó)家之間以權(quán)利與義務(wù)為主要內(nèi)容的一種關(guān)系,是政治實(shí)踐的重要理論基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)公民身份的解釋有兩種理論傳統(tǒng):強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)利的自由主義傳統(tǒng)和強(qiáng)調(diào)責(zé)任的共和主義傳統(tǒng)。近代以來(lái)自由主義成為西方意識(shí)形態(tài)的主流,它所塑造出的以權(quán)利為核心的消極公民形象也廣為人們所接受。但維持民主制度及其良好的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)需要公民具備相應(yīng)的公民美德,履行相應(yīng)的公民義務(wù),所以自20世紀(jì)七八十年代以來(lái)所發(fā)生和出現(xiàn)的一系列政治事件和現(xiàn)象之后,沉默了數(shù)世紀(jì)之久的發(fā)祥于古希臘時(shí)期的共和主義公民身份理論逐漸為人們所重視,其所塑造的積極參與政治生活的公民形象再次得到理論家們的提倡。 本文第一章討論公民身份的含義,分析公民身份兩種理論傳統(tǒng)。第二、三、四章分析和闡釋了共和主義公民身份的標(biāo)志、目的和實(shí)現(xiàn)條件,前兩項(xiàng)討論的是公民對(duì)國(guó)家的義務(wù),后一項(xiàng)討論的是國(guó)家滿足公民的權(quán)利。與自由主義認(rèn)為個(gè)人優(yōu)先于國(guó)家不同,共和主義公民身份從整體主義出發(fā),在價(jià)值上認(rèn)為國(guó)家先于個(gè)人,公民應(yīng)該積極參與政治生活,積極的公民形象是共和主義公民身份的標(biāo)志。但是對(duì)于政治參與的價(jià)值共和主義學(xué)者有不同的看法,一部分共和主義學(xué)者認(rèn)為公民的政治參與具有內(nèi)在價(jià)值,而另一部分共和主義學(xué)者則認(rèn)為參與只具有工具性?xún)r(jià)值。共和主義認(rèn)為公民積極參與政治的目的是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)公共善,在共和主義理論中公共善是優(yōu)先于公民權(quán)利的,所以公民應(yīng)該積極地促進(jìn)和實(shí)現(xiàn)公共善。在諸種公共善中,國(guó)家是首要的也是最基本的。正因?yàn)閲?guó)家如此重要,所以愛(ài)國(guó)主義也成為了公民的首要美德,共和主義的愛(ài)國(guó)主義與民族主義不同,它認(rèn)為公民應(yīng)該積極努力地保障國(guó)家的獨(dú)立和免于暴政獨(dú)裁,公民所熱愛(ài)的是自由的共和國(guó)。公民要能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)共和主義公民身份的要求,需要具有政治權(quán)利、一定的財(cái)產(chǎn)和公民美德。這些條件的實(shí)現(xiàn)需要國(guó)家實(shí)行共和制度、提供財(cái)產(chǎn)保障和進(jìn)行公民美德塑造:共和制度能夠防止權(quán)力集中出現(xiàn)專(zhuān)制,保障公民的自由和參政的權(quán)利;保障公民享有一定程度的財(cái)產(chǎn)和其財(cái)產(chǎn)安全是公民積極地進(jìn)行政治參與的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ);公民美德是促使公民為了增進(jìn)和實(shí)現(xiàn)公共利益而積極參與政治生活的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力。 當(dāng)前中國(guó)正在進(jìn)行政治體制改革,以期進(jìn)一步完善社會(huì)主義民主制度,本文認(rèn)為共和主義公民身份在積極公民的培養(yǎng)和參與制度的完善方面為我們提供了一些有益的思考和啟發(fā)。
[Abstract]:Citizenship means that in a democratic country, the relationship between the citizen and the state takes rights and obligations as the main content, and it is an important theoretical basis of political practice.There are two theoretical traditions in the interpretation of citizenship: a liberal tradition emphasizing rights and a Republican tradition emphasizing responsibility.Liberalism has become the mainstream of western ideology since modern times.But to maintain a democratic system and its good functioning requires that citizens possess the corresponding civic virtues and perform the corresponding civic obligations, so after the series of political events and phenomena that have taken place and occurred since the 1970s and 1980s,The Republican citizenship theory, which has been silent for centuries since ancient Greece, has been paid more and more attention to, and its image of citizens who actively participate in political life has been advocated by theorists again.The first chapter discusses the meaning of citizenship and analyzes the two theoretical traditions of citizenship.The second, third and fourth chapters analyze and explain the symbol, purpose and conditions of republicanism citizenship. The first two discuss the citizen's obligation to the state, and the latter discuss the state's right to satisfy the citizen.Unlike liberalism, which thinks that the individual takes precedence over the state, Republican citizenship starts from holism and values the state before the individual, and citizens should actively participate in political life.Positive civic image is the symbol of Republican citizenship.However, there are different views on the value of political participation. Some Republican scholars believe that citizen's political participation has intrinsic value, while others think that participation has only instrumental value.Republicanism holds that the purpose of citizens' active participation in politics is to realize public good. In the theory of republicanism, public good takes precedence over civil rights, so citizens should actively promote and realize public good.Among all kinds of public good, the state is the first and most basic.It is precisely because the state is so important that patriotism has also become the chief virtue of citizens. Unlike nationalism, Republican patriotism holds that citizens should actively strive to safeguard the country's independence and freedom from tyranny and dictatorship.What citizens love is a free republic.To be able to realize the requirements of Republican citizenship, citizens need political rights, certain property and civic virtue.The realization of these conditions requires the state to implement the Republican system, provide property security and shape the civic virtues: the Republican system can prevent the centralization of power from the emergence of autocracy, and protect citizens' freedom and the right to participate in politics;It is the material foundation for citizens to actively engage in political participation to ensure that citizens enjoy a certain degree of property and their property security, and civic virtue is the internal motive force for citizens to actively participate in political life in order to promote and realize public interests.At present, China is carrying out the reform of the political system with a view to further improving the socialist democratic system.This paper holds that the Republican citizenship provides us with some beneficial thinking and inspiration in the cultivation of active citizens and the perfection of participation system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D09

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