發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-26 20:28

  本文選題：羅爾斯　切入點(diǎn)：平等思想　出處：《黑龍江省社會(huì)科學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：羅爾斯在對(duì)功利主義批判的背景下提出了他的平等思想,這一思想以“平等的自由原則”、“機(jī)會(huì)公平原則”和“差別原則”為核心,表達(dá)了對(duì)人權(quán)的極大維護(hù)。羅爾斯平等思想對(duì)人權(quán)的維護(hù)具體體現(xiàn)在政治權(quán)利的平等、經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利的平等、社會(huì)權(quán)利的平等、文化權(quán)利的平等以及代際之間的平等。其中,政治權(quán)利的平等包含了民主的平等、程序正義的平等和自由的平等;經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利的平等表現(xiàn)在職務(wù)、地位及機(jī)會(huì)向所有人開放,以及改善“最不利者”處境;社會(huì)權(quán)利的平等體現(xiàn)在最大最小化規(guī)則與最低社會(huì)保障的設(shè)立;文化權(quán)利的平等主要體現(xiàn)在教育權(quán)利的平等,教育權(quán)利的平等主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了教育機(jī)會(huì)的平等;除此之外,代際之間的平等是在設(shè)定社會(huì)最低受惠值后,需要按照儲(chǔ)存原則來實(shí)現(xiàn)�？梢哉f,羅爾斯的平等思想是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)契約論和古典自由主義的一種發(fā)展和超越,但他并沒有徹底解釋不平等的根源,其理論的運(yùn)用上尚缺乏操作性。盡管如此,羅爾斯的平等思想對(duì)我國(guó)有很大的啟示。它啟示我國(guó)應(yīng)注重以下幾個(gè)方面:一是加強(qiáng)反腐倡廉建設(shè),優(yōu)化政治生態(tài),實(shí)現(xiàn)公民權(quán)利與公權(quán)力的平衡,促進(jìn)民主的平等發(fā)展;二是創(chuàng)造公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的發(fā)展環(huán)境,為公民、法人提供平等、開放的參政議政機(jī)會(huì);三是積極推進(jìn)基本公共服務(wù)的均等化,實(shí)現(xiàn)最大多數(shù)人和最少數(shù)人的利益;四是提高生態(tài)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力,維護(hù)代際之間的平等。
[Abstract]:Against the background of criticism of utilitarianism, Rawls put forward his thought of equality, which is centered on the principle of equal freedom, the principle of fair opportunity and the principle of difference. Expressing the great protection of human rights. Rawls' equal thought on human rights is embodied in equality of political rights, equality of economic rights, equality of social rights, equality of cultural rights, and equality between generations. The equality of political rights includes the equality of democracy, the equality of procedural justice and the equality of freedom; the equality of economic rights is manifested in the opening of positions, status and opportunities to all, as well as the improvement of the situation of the "most disadvantaged"; The equality of social rights is embodied in the rule of maximum minimization and the establishment of minimum social security; the equality of cultural rights is mainly embodied in the equality of the right to education, and the equality of the right to education mainly emphasizes the equality of educational opportunities; in addition, the equality of cultural rights mainly emphasizes the equality of educational opportunities. Intergenerational equality is achieved in accordance with the principle of storage after setting the minimum value of social benefits. It can be said that Rawls' idea of equality is a development and transcendence of traditional contract theory and classical liberalism. But he didn't completely explain the root causes of inequality, and his theory was not yet operational. Rawls' equality thought has great enlightenment to our country. It enlightens our country to pay attention to the following aspects: first, strengthen the construction of anti-corruption, optimize political ecology, realize the balance between civil rights and public power, and promote the equal development of democracy; The second is to create a development environment of fair competition, to provide citizens and legal persons with equal and open opportunities to participate in political affairs, and third, to actively promote the equalization of basic public services and to realize the interests of the greatest majority and the most few; Fourth, improve the ability of ecological sustainable development and maintain intergenerational equality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江省社會(huì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D081;D621

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本文編號(hào)：1669479